Featured

• Meal frequency and timing in health and disease.
• A role for mental imagery in the experience and reduction of food cravings.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• Neural feedback treatment produced significantly less weight loss at 6 months than did control.
• "A two-year school-based intervention with increased physical activity and healthy diet did not have a significant effect on common cardiovascular risk factors."
• RCT: Low-energy diets differing in fiber, red meat and coffee intake equally improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
• Weight loss is largely unsuccessful in NAFLD patients in the ambulatory care setting.
• "After controlling for race, regional education rates and socioeconomic status, the percentage of individuals living within a food desert was not predictive of elementary obesity rates at the school district level."
• RCT: Screen-time Weight-loss Intervention Targeting Children at Home.

Basic Science

• Muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1a does not augment metabolic improvements in response to exercise and caloric restriction.
• Modeling human muscle metabolism: Using constraint-based modeling to investigate nutrition supplements, insulin resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes.
• Maternal nutrition induces gene expression changes in fetal muscle and adipose tissues in sheep.
• Resveratrol Ameliorates High Glucose and High-Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Vascular Hyperpermeability Involving Cav-1/eNOS Regulation.
• Catecholamine-induced lipolysis causes mTOR complex dissociation and inhibits glucose uptake in adipocytes.
• MED13-dependent signaling from the heart confers leanness by enhancing metabolism in adipose tissue and liver.

Video

• Michael Alderman: "Dietary sodium and health: Is the answer in?"
• Dariush Mozaffarian: "Dietary priorities for preventing obesity-are all calories created equal?"

Clinical

• Dietary restriction and exercise for diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review.
• RCT: An activity stimulation programme during a child's first year reduces some indicators of adiposity at the age of two-and-a-half.
• University of Alabama researchers take multi-disciplinary approaches to the challenge of obesity in community project.
• Lowering medical costs through the sharing of savings by physicians and patients.
• Review: Mechanisms of heart failure in obesity.

Epidemiology

• Replication of obesity and diabetes-related SNP associations in individuals from Yucatán, México.
• Out-of-home eating frequency, causal attribution of obesity and support to healthy eating policies from a cross-European survey.
• Building obesity in Canada: Understanding the individual- and neighborhood-level determinants using a multi-level approach.
• Serum Ferritin, Insulin Resistance, and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Associations in 769 Non-Hispanic Whites Without Diabetes Mellitus in the HEIRS Study.
• Does suburbanization cause obesity?

Food

• Forefronts in portion size. An overview and synthesis of a roundtable discussion.
• The role of breakfast in health: Definition and criteria for a quality breakfast.
• RCT: A web-based weight loss programme including breakfast cereals, results in greater loss of body.
• Blue lighting decreases the amount of food consumed in men, but not in women.
• Hominids adapted to metabolize ethanol long before human-directed fermentation.

Sugar

• Michael Gibney: Book review: Fructose, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose and Health Editor James M.Rippe.
• RCT: The effects of typical levels of consumption of dietary sugars on traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and triglycerides.
• Sucrose preload reduces snacking after mild mental stress in healthy participants as a function of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene promoter polymorphism.
• Consumers believe nutrition facts labeling for added sugar will be more helpful than confusing.

Calorie Restriction

• Anti-aging effects of nutritional modification: The state of the science on calorie restriction.
• The Interaction of Aging, Caloric Restriction, and the Sulfur Assimilation Pathway explored via Quantitative Time-lapse Flow Cytometry.
• Lifespan-extending caloric restriction or mTOR inhibition impair adaptive immunity of old mice by distinct mechanisms.

Diet

• Clues emerging about Arctic gene, diet, and health.
• Consumption of dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds.

Drugs

• Obesity induced rapid melanoma progression is reversed by orlistat treatment and dietary intervention: Role of adipokines.
• Glypican 4 may be involved in the adipose tissue redistribution in high-fat feeding C57BL/6J mice with peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ  agonist rosiglitazone treatment .
• RCT: Statin therapy and risk of fracture.

Diabetes

• Initial choice of oral glucose-lowering medication for Diabetes Mellitus.
• Uncontrolled Diabetes tied to poorer brain power.

Exercise

• RCT: Outdoor training enhances affective responses to exercise and leads to greater exercise adherence than indoor training in postmenopausal women.
• Effect of eight weeks resistance training on adipocyte fatty acid-binding.
• A candidate syntenic genetic locus is associated with voluntary exercise levels in mice and humans.
• Running for exercise mitigates age-related deterioration of walking economy.

Psychology

• The relationship between obesity and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): Is mental health a mediator?
• Anticipatory and reactive responses to chocolate restriction in frequent chocolate consumers.
• Food reinforcement and delay discounting in zBMI-discordant siblings.
• If death were food for thought, what would you choose for lunch? A terror management account of food choice decisions.
• RCT: Pilot trial of a cognitive reappraisal obesity prevention program.

Surgery

• RCT: No differential effect of Laparoscopic Gastric Imbrication v Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
• RCT: Effect of the endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• RCT: Staple-line reinforcement versus no reinforcement during sleeve gastrectomy.

Smoking & Weight

• Weight gain after smoking cessation unrelated to mortality rate.
• Young woman smokers gain significantly more weight over 2-year follow-up than non-smokers: How Virginia doesn't slim.

Methods

• Measuring outcomes in adult weight loss studies that include diet and physical activity: A systematic review.
• Even modest prediction accuracy of genomic models can have large clinical utility.
• Application of global positioning system methods for the study of obesity and hypertension risk among low-income housing residents in New York City: A spatial feasibility study.
• Baseline participant characteristics and risk for dropout from ten obesity RCTs.

Model

• Novel mathematical models for investigating topics in obesity.
• Characterization of the ZDSD rat: A translational model for the study of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes.

Bats

• F1000 Recommendation: Bats jamming bats: food competition through sonar interference.
• Bats harbor diverse pathogens: Could help researchers stymie deadly diseases.
• The resistance of a North American bat species to White-Nose Syndrome.

Gut Microbiota

• The human intestinal microbiome at extreme ages of life. Dietary intervention as a way to counteract alterations.
• Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 on the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet.
• Contamination plagues some microbiome studies.
• Microflora for hire.

Stigma

• Influences of general self-efficacy and weight bias internalization on physical activity in bariatric surgery candidates.
• Fat in school: Applied interdisciplinary as a basis for consultation in oppressive social context.

Aging

• The three genetics (Nuclear DNA, Mitochondrial DNA, and Gut Microbiome) of longevity in humans considered as metaorganisms.
• The aging brain.
• Sex-specific effects of natural and sexual selection on the evolution of life span and aging in Drosophila simulans.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Do assortative preferences contribute to assortative mating for adiposity?
• Habitat use and body mass regulation among Warblers in the Sahel Region during the non-breeding season.

Commentary

• Ted Kyle: Listen to your genes, improve your diet?
• Demystifying calories: Already there, and miles to go.
• The obesity fix.
• Can the 5:2 diet lead to a longer life?
• Is lunch from home better than the school cafeteria?
• Does sugar make grown-ups cranky?
• Three social justice issues of obesity.

General Science

• Scientists crack cause for disease in starfish.
• Journals unite for reproducibility.
• Social science. Publication bias in the social sciences: unlocking the file drawer.
• Science communication as political communication.
• Impact of spin in the abstracts of articles reporting results of randomized controlled trials in the field of cancer: The SPIIN Randomized Controlled Trial.
• Climate change impacts on overstory Desmarestia spp. from the Western Antarctic Peninsula.
• Cows with human chromosomes enlisted to fight Hantavirus.
• A new species of Muscicapa Flycatcher from Sulawesi, Indonesia.
• The smart mouse with the half-human brain.
• Synthetic enzymes hint at life without DNA or RNA.

Announcements

• UAB- Nutrition Science's Khaled earns Fulbright-Nehru award to study global health.
• Advances and Controversies in Clinical Nutrition Conference.
• Sylvia Rowe Fellowship Accepting Applications.