Featured

• Social Regulation of Insulin Signaling and the Evolution of Eusociality in Ants.
• A Thing of Beauty: Structure and Function of Insulin's “Aromatic Triplet”.
• Associations Between Childhood Weight Status and Timing of First Sex in an Ethnically Diverse Sample.
• A Gut-brain Neural Circuit for Nutrient Sensory Transduction.

Headline vs Study

• Headline: Cleaning Product Use Alters Infant Microbiome to Cause Obesity.
• Study: Arbitrary Index of Self-reported Disinfectant (but Not Detergent) Use Was Associated with Some Gut Microbiota in Some Analyses and with BMIz Score and Odds of Obesity for Some Arbitrary Centiles of Use and Analyses, but Not Others.

Contrary or Null Findings

• RCT: "Financial incentives combined with a smartphone app designed to track physical activity did not promote physical activity or decrease obesity." (PDF)
• RCT: A Telehealth Intervention Not Significantly Effective in Increasing Physical Activity During Cancer Treatment.
• "Contrary to our hypotheses, ...visual portrayals do not significantly influence attitudes towards bariatric surgery..."
• "Contrary to other work in ant-Hemipteran mutualisms, we observed no evidence that food rewards provided by sap-feeders induced changes in ant behavior for either ant species examined."
• "Contrary to expectation, food rescue may increase rather than decrease recipient choice due to flexibility in spending stemming from budget relief."
• "Contrary to general belief that remittances are mostly used for food consumption amongst households in the Pacific islands, the empirical results show that remittances have alternative uses by the households in Fiji."
• RCT: "no significant differences were observed between the control and walnut groups regarding body weight…or body fat …."
• "Although lowering maternal risk of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia is important in relation to maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes, such interventions are unlikely to have a direct impact on childhood obesity."

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• Letter: The Stated Conclusions are Contradicted By the Data, Based on Inappropriate Statistics, and Should Be Corrected: Comment on ‘intervention for Childhood Obesity Based on Parents Only or Parents and Child Compared with Follow-up Alone’.
• Reply: "After reading the letter from Dawson et al., we understand that we should have emphasized in the abstract and in the final conclusion the lack of significant between‐group difference in the change in BMI‐SDS."
• Pharmaceutical Companies Show Higher Rates of Compliance with Trial Reporting than do Universities. (PDF)
• Remember When a Glass of Wine a Day Was Good for You? Here's Why that Changed.
• Letter: The 3500 Kcal Rule is Invalid for Projections of Weight Change.

Basic

• Biosynthesis, Structure, and Folding of the Insulin Precursor Protein.
• Fisetin Protects Against Hepatic Steatosis Through Regulation of the Sirt1/AMPK and Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
• Mitochondrial-Nuclear Genetic Interaction Modulates Whole Body Metabolism, Adiposity, and Gene Expression in Vivo.
• Adipose MTORC1 Suppresses Prostaglandin Signaling and Beige Adipogenesis Via the CRTC2-COX-2 Pathway.
• Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) Promotes Systemic Fat Storage and Utilization Through Selective Regulation of Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism.
• Hepatic Leptin Receptor Expression Can Partially Compensate for IL-6Rα Deficiency in DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Clinical

• RCT: Exercise to Improve Walking Energetics in Older Adults.
• Improving the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions for Gestational Diabetes Prevention: A Meta‐analysis and Meta‐regression.

Children and Adolescents

• Child Weight Gain Trajectories Linked to Oral Microbiota Composition.
• Consumption of Sugars, Saturated Fat, and Sodium Among US Children From Infancy Through Preschool Age, NHANES 2009–2014.

Surgery

• Morbid Obesity and Hypertension: The Role of Perirenal Fat.
• Changes in Liver Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration of Rbp4, Fetuin-A, and Fgf21 in Sprague-Dawley Rats Subjected to Different Dietary Interventions and Bariatric Surgery.
• The Effects of Provider-prescribed Obesogenic Drugs on Post-laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
• RCT: Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Sleeve Gastrectomy in Comparison to Hybrid (Adding a Gastrojejunostomy to the Sleeved Stomach).

Drugs

• RCT: Effects of Bardoxolone Methyl on Body Weight, Waist Circumference and Glycemic Control in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.
• A Carnosine Analog Mitigates Metabolic Disorders of Obesity By Reducing Carbonyl Stress in Rodents.
• Long-term Metformin Treatment in Adolescents with Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Results of an Open Label Extension Study.

Food & Diet

• Sources of Foods that are Ready-to-Consume ('Grazing Environments') Versus Requiring Additional Preparation ('Grocery Environments'): Implications for Food-Environment Research and Community Health.
• Effects of Chronic Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Erythrocyte Deformability and Muscle Microvascular Oxygenation in Endurance Trained Cyclists.
• High-protein Diets for Weight Management: Interactions with the Intestinal Microbiota and Consequences for Gut Health. A Position Paper By the My New Gut Study Group.
• Effect of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Food and Alcohol Cravings, Physical and Sexual Activity, Sleep Disturbances, and Quality of Life in Obese Patients.
• Dietary Patterns and Self-reported Incident Disability in Elderly.

Caloric Restriction

• Maternal Perinatal Calorie Restriction Temporally Regulates the Hepatic Autophagy and Redox Status in Male Rat.
• Comparison of Low Calorie High Protein and Low Calorie Standard Protein Diet on Waist Circumference of Adults with Visceral Obesity and Weight Cycling.
• Longer Daily Fasting Times Improve Health and Longevity in Mice.
• Intermittent Fasting Increases SOD2 and Catalase Immunoreactivities in the Hippocampus but Does Not Protect From Neuronal Death Following Transient Ischemia in Gerbils.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• Diet Macronutrient Composition, Physical Activity, and Body Composition in Soldiers During 6 Months Deployment.
• Domain-specific Physical Activity and Affective Wellbeing Among Adolescents: An Observational Study of the Moderating Roles of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation.
• Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Olympic Athletes: An Unexpected and Underestimated Risk Scenario.
• Actions to Improve Physical Activity Surveillance in the United States.

Economics & Sociology

• Socioeconomic Status in Adolescents: A Study of Its Relationship with Overweight and Obesity and Influence on Social Network Configuration.
• Obesity in Adolescence Predicts Lower Educational Attainment and Income in Adulthood.
• The Social Foraging Niche of the Mbendjele Bayaka. (PDF)

Epidemiology

• Unexpected Neighborhood Sources of Food and Drink: Implications for Research and Community Health.
• Change in an Urban Food Environment: Storefront Sources of Food/Drink Increasing Over Time and Not Limited to Food Stores and Restaurants.
• The Epidemiology of Obesity.
• Review: Overweight and Obesity as Major, Modifiable Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Young to Mid‐aged Women.
• Obesity Could Overtake Smoking as Biggest Preventable Cause of Cancer in Women.

Psychology & Neuroscience

• Understanding Outcomes in Behavior Change Interventions to Prevent Pediatric Obesity: The Role of Dose and Behavior Change Techniques.
• Does Education Attenuate the Genetic Risk of Obesity? Evidence From U.K. Twins.
• Visual Evoked Potentials in Offspring Born to Mothers with Overweight, Obesity and Gestational Diabetes.
• Chronotype and Energy Intake Timing in Relation to Changes in Anthropometrics: A 7-year Follow-up Study in Adults.
• When Busy is Less Indulging: Impact of Busy Mindset on Self-Control Behaviors.

Equity and Disparities

• An Exploration of Multilevel Physical Activity Correlates Among Low-Income African Americans in Alabama and Mississippi.
• The Independent Role of Deprivation in Abdominal Obesity Beyond Income Poverty. A Population-based Household Survey in Chinese Adults.
• Pilot Project to Integrate Community and Clinical Level Systems to Address Health Disparities in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity Among Ethnic Minority Inner-City Middle School Students: Lessons Learned.

Stigma

• Weight‐Related Terms Differentially Affect Self‐Efficacy and Perception of Obesity.
• Personal Factors Associated with the Attitudes of Nurses Towards Patients with Obesity: A Literature Review.
• Perceived Body Discrimination and Intentional Self-Harm and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescence.
• Weight‐based Victimization From Friends and Family: Implications for How Adolescents Cope with Weight Stigma.
• Self-perceived Overweight, Weight Loss Attempts, and Weight Gain.
• A Momentary Maintenance Model of Dysregulated Eating Among Marginalized/stigmatized Individuals.
• Barriers and Facilitators to Seeking Treatment for Subclinical Eating Disorders: The Importance of Supportive Relationships.

Policy Related

• Means as Well as Ends: Some Critical Insights for UK Sport Policy on the Impact of Facility Ownership and Configuration on Sports Participation.
• Perspective: Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe—Scientific Concepts, Current Status, and Perspectives.

Intergenerational Effects

• The Impact of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children.
• Fetal Sex Modifies the Effect [association] of Maternal Macronutrient Intake on the Incidence of Small-for-gestational-age Births: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.
• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Activity to Limit Gestational Weight: RCT: Maternal Offspring Metabolics Family Intervention Technology Enhanced Trial.

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• Interaction Between Step-to-step Variability and Metabolic Cost of Transport During Human Walking.
• Limits to Sustained Energy Intake XXIX: The Case of the Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus Auratus).
• Decreased Mitochondrial Metabolic Requirements in Fasting Animals Carry an Oxidative Cost.
• City Life on Fast Lanes: Urbanization Induces an Evolutionary Shift Towards a Faster Lifestyle in the Water Flea Daphnia.

Methods

• Development of the Highly Processed Food Withdrawal Scale.
• Does a Parsimonious Measure of Complex BMI Trajectories Exist?
• Estimation of Non-shivering Thermogenesis and Cold-induced Nutrient Oxidation Rates: Impact of Method for Data Selection and Analysis.

Mathematical and Quantitative

• Mathematical Optimization to Explore Tomorrow's Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review.
• Kidney Disease with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factor Using Dynamic Model Approach in Indonesia.

Commentary

• 6 Ideas for Curbing Our Obesity Epidemic.
• Which Kinds of Foods Make Us Fat?
• This is How Employers Can Innovate on Obesity Care.
• Modern Medicine and Maladies of Evidence.
• Ebola Virus Disease Preparations do Not Protect the United States Against Other Infectious Outbreaks.
• Keeping Slim When Food is Abundant: What Energy Mechanisms Could Be at Play?
• From Lifespan to Healthspan.
• Congratulations. Your Study Went Nowhere.

General

• Reboot Undergraduate Courses for Reproducibility.
• Special Issue on Meta-Research in Science Magazine.
• Factors Influencing Individual Participation During Intergroup Interactions in Mountain Gorillas.
• Elimination of Senescent Cells Prevents Neurodegeneration in Mice.
• Obesity and Influenza a Shedding.
• How Math Helps Explain the Delicate Patterns of Dragonfly Wings.
• Unique Fatty Acids in Flower Seed Oil Could Improve Renewable Lubricants.
• Effects of Aging on Timing of Hibernation and Reproduction.

Video & Audio

• Video: The Gut-Brain Connection.
• Audio: IDing Ivory Poachers.

Announcements

• Nov 12: Chrono-nutrition: Circadian Clocks, Mealtimes and Metabolic Disorders.
• Scientific Advances and Challenges in Safety Evaluation of Food Packaging Materials: 2-3 April 2019.
• IU Alumnus C. David Allis Wins Lasker Award for Pioneering Role in Epigenetics.
• IU Bloomington School of Public Health Initiates Major Wave of Faculty Recruitment – Tenure-track positions available in every department and two department chairs open – see multiple listings posted here.
• UAB’s NORC Seeks Post-doctoral Fellows in Obesity Research.
• UAB Seeks Post-doctoral Fellows for Its AHA Strategically Focused Research Center – Obesity Network: Intergenerational Transmission of Obesity.