Featured

• Acute dim light at night increases body mass, alters metabolism, and shifts core body temperature circadian rhythms in mice.
• Among older men, self-reported energy intake was downwardly biased, the bias was correlated with obesity, and the squared correlation with an objective measure was only about 10%.
• Body shape shifting during growth permits tests that distinguish between competing geometric theories of metabolic scaling.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: Supplemental Postoperative Oxygen Does Not Reduce Surgical Site Infection and Major Healing-Related Complications from Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients.
• RCT: No detected effect of Portion-Controlled, Commercially Available Diet on Presurgical Weight Loss and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.
• Calorie restriction does not elicit a robust extension of replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
• Life-long caloric restriction does not alter the severity of age-related osteoarthritis.
• “We find no evidence that the presence of dollar stores within a reasonably close proximity to the child's residence can increase BMI. In fact, we see an increase in BMI when dollar stores leave a child's neighborhood which we interpret as a sign of neighborhood deterioration.”
• No evidence of an association between BMI and semen parameters.
• No evidence for a role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
• “Despite the high prevalence of Adv36 in this Tehranian population, no significant correlation was found between Adv36 seropositivity and BMI, although, it has been associated with lipid disorders.”

Scholarly Dialogue

• Comment on Kahn and Sievenpiper. Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? We Have, but the Pox on Sugar Is Overwrought and Overworked. Diabetes Care 2014;37:957–962.
  
  • Response to Comment on Kahn and Sievenpiper. Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? We Have, but the Pox on Sugar Is Overwrought and Overworked. Diabetes Care 2014;37:957–962.
• Last week we offered: Plasma free fatty acids do not provide the link between obesity and insulin resistance or ?-cell dysfunction: results of the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, Kings (RISCK) study.
  
  • A reader responds that the standard FFA assay used poorly differentiates suppressed from non-suppressed FFA concentrations and suggests that there is contradictory evidence.​
• Point-Counterpoint on the ACA and Obesity (beginning on 809).
• Original article: The New Weight-Loss Drugs, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-Topiramate Slim Pickings?
  
  • OAC response.
  • TOS response.
    • Authors' reply.

Basic Science

• Adipose induces myoblast differentiation and mediates TNFα-regulated myogenesis.
• Feeding frequency influences growth, feed consumption and body composition of juvenile rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus).
• Perinatal Exposure of Mice to the Pesticide DDT Impairs Energy Expenditure and Metabolism in Adult Female Offspring.
• Hindbrain Glucoprivation Effects on Gastric Vagal Reflex Circuits and Gastric Motility in the Rat Are Suppressed by the Astrocyte Inhibitor Fluorocitrate.
• Sub-chronically exposing mice to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon increases lipid accumulation in their livers.
• PPARy ablation sensitizes proopiomelanocortin neurons to leptin during high-fat feeding.
• Direct activating effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on brown adipose tissue are attenuated by corticosterone.

Food

• Effect of Tree Nuts on Glycemic Control in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs.
• RCT: The effects of functional fiber on postprandial glycemia, energy intake, satiety, palatability and gastrointestinal wellbeing.
• Americans Still Avoid Fat More Than Carbs.
• Processed foods: contributions to nutrition.
• Introduction of supermarket nutrition rating system associated with decreased purchases of less nutritious foods.

Exercise

• RCT: An 8-month exercise intervention alters frontotemporal white matter integrity in overweight children.
• RCT: Effects of exercise and lifestyle modification on fitness, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content in obese children and adolescents.
• There was a greater likelihood of mismatch between self-reported and accelerometer measured physical activity levels in overweight or obese adults.

Cats

• Water and energy balance in cats.
• Catering for lean cats: effects of feeding method on physical activity, prandial behaviour, health and body condition of domestic cats.
• Influence of dietary protein level on body composition and energy expenditure in calorically restricted overweight cats.

Critical Illness and Cancer

• High carbohydrate and high fat diets protect the heart against ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
• Obesity is associated with improved mortality among severe sepsis patients.
• Meta-analysis: Obese but not overweight patients appear to have worse overall survival than normal-weight patients with colorectal cancer.

Ergonomics

• Typing performance and body discomfort among overweight and obese office workers: A pilot study of keyboard modification.
• The influences [association] of obesity and age on functional performance during intermittent upper extremity tasks.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Understanding how honey bee flight and senescence are connected through oxidative stress.
• Grizzly bears become insulin resistant when they hibernate.
• Allometric structure and topology of food webs: Energetic constraints conserve food-web structure acrossecosystems and space.
• Linking energetics and overwintering in temperate insects.
• Selective gene expression in stout bears helps them to maintain steady blood sugar.

Epidemiology

• Under-reporting remains a key limitation of self-reported dietary intake: an analysis of the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey.
• Do colleagues influence our lifestyle: The matter of smoking, BMI and leisure-time physical activity?
• Association between habitual school travel and muscular fitness in youth.
• Hair Toxic Element Content in Adult Men and Women in Relation to BMI.

Surgery

• RCT: Obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary function in morbid obesity undergone bariatric surgery.
• RCT: Effects of a Very Low Calorie Diet in the Preoperative Stage of Bariatric Surgery.
• RCT: The Effect of the Endoscopic Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
• The efficacy of capacitive radio-frequency diathermy in reducing buttock and posterior thigh cellulite measured through the cellulite severity scale.

Drugs

• FDA meeting about safety and efficacy of liraglutide for injection.
• RCT: Correcting oral contraceptive pharmacokinetic alterations due to obesity.

Policy Related

• Beyond Paternalism: Rethinking the Limits of Public Health Law.
• Legislation, impact and trends in nutrition labeling: A global overview.

Caloric Restriction

• Roles for Pbp1 and Caloric Restriction in Genome and Lifespan Maintenance via Suppression of RNA-DNA Hybrids.
• The 'memory' of starvation is in your genes.

Energy Balance

• Participation in Physical Activity after Consuming Meals of Differing Caloric Content Does Not Alter Appetite Four Hours Post-Activity.
• The role of leptin in energy homeostasis in humans.

Gut Microbiota

• Individual diet has sex-dependent effects on vertebrate gut microbiota.
• Potential probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 prevents weight gain and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice.

Temperature

• Nutritional and physiological responses of finishing pigs exposed to a permanent heat exposure during three weeks.
• Ambient temperature, calf intakes, and weight gains on preweaned dairy calves.
• Whole-body cryostimulation as an effective way of reducing exercise-induced inflammation and blood cholesterol in young men.
• Beyond the classic thermoneutral zone: Including thermal comfort.

Methods

• An objective estimate of energy intake during weight gain using the intake-balance method.
• Bayesian analysis of energy balance data from growing cattle using parametric and nonparametric modelling.
• “Corrected BMI is not always superior to self-reported BMI.”
• Use of GIS Spatial Analysis to Identify Food Deserts in the State of Alabama.
• The impact of missing data in a longitudinal cohort study on the risks of colorectal cancer and mortality associated with change in body size.
• Two methods for eliminating the possible confounds of cohort differences and experience effects [pdf].
• Multiple Comparison Procedures.
• Significant effect of body composition methodology on heritability estimates of body fatness.
• Effect of dietary adherence on the body weight plateau: a mathematical model incorporating intermittent compliance with energy intake prescription.

Stigma

• Obesity stigmatization as the status quo: Structural considerations and prevalence among young adults in the U.S.
• Associations of weight stigma with cortisol and oxidative stress independent of adiposity.
• Obesity bias in primary care providers.
• “That's who I am: A fat person in a thin body”: Weight loss, negative self-evaluation, and mitigating strategies following weight loss surgery.
• Weight-Related Humor in the Media: Appreciation, Distaste, and Anti-Fat Attitudes.

Commentary

• Eat More Nuts (And Vegetables, And Don’t Forget to Exercise And Quit Smoking).
• Calorie Miscounting: Why on slice of cheesecake does not equal 4.5 hours of aerobics.
• Social diserability does not necessarily bias toward the null.
• Three conclusions disconnected from data.
• Point/Counterpoint: Affordable Care Act and fiscal incentives for weight loss.

General Science

• Diversity 5.0: A Way Forward.
• Forecasting Tournaments: Tools for Increasing Transparency and Improving the Quality of Debate.
• Video: Using Pseudoscience to Shine Light on Good Science.
• Bioenergetic adaptation in response to autophagy regulators during rotenone exposure.
• 'See-through' bodies technique developed.
• Deep mutational scanning: a new style of protein science.

Announcements

• UAB Distinguished Professor Is Elected Fellow of New York Academy of Medicine.
• Dr. Donna Arnett and Other Experts Respond to Latest Aspirin Findings.
• Cross-Sector Work on Obesity Prevention, Treatment, and Weight Maintenance: Models for Change.
• The Vizzies: NSF visualization challenge.
• The Resilience Project: Searching for healthy adults with rare, disease-associated genetics changes.