05/30/14
Featured
- New test measuring cell bioenergetic health could become key tool in personalized medicine.
- RCT: These results show that water is not superior to non-nutritive sweetened beverages for weight loss during a comprehensive behavioral weight loss program.
- RCTs: Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity affects subsequent food intake.
- RCT: Sex differences (in a secondary analysis) in the apparent effects of opportunity to choose diet approach on weight loss.
Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs
- Three restaurant menu labeling treatments did not prove to be significant in guiding consumers to choose the healthy food items.
- Two “field experiments, despite using different experimental designs, reached the same conclusion: the numeric calorie label [on restaurant menus] had no significant effect on total caloric intake.”
- RCT: No significant effect of an inpatient weight loss intervention with postdischarge follow-up results in weight loss at 6 months when compared to control.
- No association between obesity and post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage.
- Double deletion of orexigenic neuropeptide Y and dynorphin results in paradoxical obesity in mice.
- Low-income women derived fewer financial and nutritional benefits from implemented food subsidies and taxes than medium-income women.
- Medium and high intakes of confectionery were associated with smaller BMI z-scores and decreased risk of being overweight.
- Obesity was associated with a decreased postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer in a Japanese population.
Basic Science
- Programming of metabolic effects in C57BL/6JxFVB mice by exposure to bisphenol A during gestation and lactation.
- Mitophagy mechanisms and role in human diseases.
- Induced Ablation of Ghrelin Cells in Adult Mice Does Not Decrease Food Intake, Body Weight, or Response to High-Fat Diet.
- Hipk2—an essential regulator of adipoctye differentiation.
- Histone acetylation modulates uncoupling protein1 expression in brown adipocytes.
- Maternal Food Restriction During Lactation Affects Body Weight and Sexual Behavior of Male Offspring in Meadow Voles.
- G×G×E for Lifespan in Drosophila: Mitochondrial, Nuclear, and Dietary Interactions that Modify Longevity.
- Role of the Primate Ventral Tegmental Area in Reinforcement and Motivation.
Gut Microbiota
- Individuals' diet diversity influences gut microbial diversity in two freshwater fish (threespine stickleback and Eurasian perch).
- High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model.
Clinical
- A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger.
- RCT: Adding Evidence-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Strategies to a Statewide Wellness Campaign.
- RCT: Eating two larger meals a day (breakfast and lunch) is more effective than six smaller meals in a reduced-energy regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comprehensive Behavioral Family Lifestyle Interventions Addressing Pediatric Obesity.
- Five-Year Outcomes of Gastric Bypass for Super-Super-Obesity (BMI >=60kg/m²): A Case Matched Study.
Drugs
- Methods of using AMPD2 inhibitors for the treatment of fatty liver, obesity and diabetes.
- Downregulation of RelA (p65) by Rapamycin Inhibits Murine Adipocyte Differentiation and Reduces Fat Mass of C57BL/6J Mice despite High Fat Diet.
- Food consumption and weight gain after cessation of chronic amphetamine administration.
- Obesity medications reduce total body weight by 3–9% compared with placebo, when combined with lifestyle changes.
- Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Evolution, Energetics & Ecology
- Trait Evolution in Anseriformes: Is Evolution of Body Mass, Diet, Locomotory Behavior, and Diet Activity Pattern Correlated?
- One Solution for Two Challenges: The Lizard Microlophus atacamensis Avoids Overheating by Foraging in Intertidal Shores.
- Energy Expenditure of Hunter-Gatherers: When Statistics Turns to be Unreliable.
- New test measuring cell bioenergetic health could become key tool in personalized medicine.
- Quantitative trait loci for energy balance traits in an advanced intercross line derived from mice divergently selected for heat loss.
Epidemiology
- Conditional health-related benefits of higher education: An assessment of compensatory versus accumulative mechanisms.
- Maternal overweight and obesity and risks of severe birth-asphyxia-related complications in term infants: a population-based cohort study in Sweden.
- Declines in Coronary Heart Disease Incidence and Mortality among Middle-Aged Adults with and without Diabetes.
Mortality
- Mortality risk associated with underweight: A census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up.
- Lifestyle risk factors and residual life expectancy at age 40: A German cohort study.
Exercise
- Effects of exercise training using resistance bands on glycaemic control and strength in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
- Impact of Physical Activity Interventions on Anthropometric Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Prevention of Major Mobility Disability in Older Adults.
- American teen fitness declining?
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels Among U.S. Youth Aged 12–15 Years: United States, 1999–2004 and 2012.
Food
- RCT: Effect of two dietary fibers on satiety and glycemic outcomes.
- Tailoring compensation effects of health-unrelated food properties.
- Impaired oral fatty acid chemoreception is associated with acute excess energy consumption.
- Effect of glycemic load on eating behavior self-efficacy during weight loss.
Schools
- Should Schools Send “Fat Letters” Home?
- Do school-based physical activity interventions increase or reduce inequalities in health?
Methods
- Concurrent and convergent validity of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire and behavioral paradigm in overweight children.
- Video: Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos.
- Measurement Method Bias in Games for Health Research.
- Assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure: an overview of objective measures.
Simulation
- Development of microsimulation models that address three features of complexity at the level of individual food and physical activity behaviours.
- Systems Science: A Tool for Understanding Obesity.
Policy Related and Ethics
- Is there a moral obligation to conceive children under the best possible conditions: A preliminary framework for identifying the preconception responsibilities of potential parents with parental obesity as an example.
- TOS Comment on the FDA Proposed Rule, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels.
Commentary
- Everything You 'Know' About Obesity Is Wrong.
- Beware These 3 Nutrition Dogmas.
- A divergent interpretation of Look AHEAD results.
- Eight Mistaken Answers to Obesity.
- Diet lures and diet lies.
- Gluten: Friend or Foe?
- Science and Superstition of Sweeteners.
Economics
- The direct and indirect costs of both overweight and obesity: A systematic review.
- Obesity and economic environments.
- Poor Economy Has Fueled Rising Obesity Rates.
- Understanding the Effect of Obesity on Male and Female Labor Outcomes.
- Socioeconomic gradients in BMI in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility.
Stigma
- Weighty Decisions: Weight Bias in the Selection and Election of U.S. Senate Candidates?
- Children’s Attitudes and Stereotype Content Toward Thin, Average-Weight, and Overweight Peers.
- An Intervention to Reduce Fat Stigma in American College Students.
Sugars
- Letter: Incomplete consumption data overstate the importance of fructose in contemporary disease.
- RCT: 100 g sucrose, but not 50 g glucose, optimized attention and information processing speed in the short term in this study in elderly people with subjective, mild memory complaints.
- Combining Theory and Experiments to Understand Sugar Regulation in Bacteria.
General Science
- Instrumental variable methods for causal inference.
- Interpreting academic studies.
- Models of science-policy interaction: Exploring approaches to Bisphenol A management in the EU.
- Wikipedia vs Peer-Reviewed Medical Literature for Information About the 10 Most Costly Medical Conditions.
- Developmental Origins of Pregnancy Loss in the Adult Female Common Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus).
- Comparative biology: Naked (mole rat) ambition.
- Defining the toxicology of aging.
- Depressed mice have excitable neurons.
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