Featured

• When using BMI as a predictor variable, both uncorrected self-reported and corrected self-reported BMI result in biased estimates of association.
• Tapeworms, the smoking diet and the cotton ball regime: The weird - and often downright dangerous - weight loss fads of the past.
• A Form of the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Mutations in DYRK1B.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Ideas

• RCT: Testosterone therapy does not improve glucose metabolism or visceral adiposity in obese men with moderately controlled T2D.
• Observational study does not show soft drink consumption associated with metabolic syndrome (see Tables 1 and 2).
• RCT: Eight weeks of different intensities and volumes of regular aerobic and (PRT) exercise did not significantly influence appetite or plasma levels of ghrelin and PYY.
• Neonate feeding patterns and weight gain were unaffected following the short-term use of sucrose for pain relief.
• Incretin-based drugs do not increase acute pancreatitis risk.

Drugs

• RCT: Melatonin for prevention of metabolic side-effects of olanzapine in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
• Single rapamycin administration induces prolonged downward shift in defended body weight in rats.
• Reversible hyperphagia and obesity in rats with gastric bypass by central MC3/4R blockade.
• Lilly's diabetes drug Peglispro outperforms Lantus in 3 trials.
• Use of Metformin in diseases of aging.

Energy Metabolism

• Age-related increase of resting metabolic rate in the human brain.
• Thermal conductance and basal metabolic rate are part of a coordinated system for heat transfer regulation.

Exercise

• Body fat has no effect [association] on the maximal fat oxidation rate in young normal and overweight women.
• RCT: An 8-month exercise intervention alters frontotemporal white matter integrity in overweight children.
• RCT: The effects of separate and combined dietary weight loss and exercise on fasting ghrelin concentrations in overweight and obese women.
• RCT: Exercise Treats Before Meals May Help Diabetes.
• Exercise can erase memories.
• Commentary: Stay fit to live longer.
• Outdoor exercise has more beneficial association with lower obesity risk than does indoor exercise for children.

Clinical

• RCT: Daughters and Mothers Against Breast Cancer (DAMES): Main outcomes of a weight loss intervention in overweight mothers with breast cancer and their overweight daughters.
• RCT: Playing an advergame promoting energy-dense snacks contributes to increased caloric intake in children.
• Differences in weight loss across different BMI classes: A meta-analysis of the effects of interventions with diet and exercise.
• RCT: A relatively low-intensity intervention by health professionals to prevent weight gain in mid-age women at 12 Months.
• RCT: Brief motivational interviewing to reduce child BMI - 2-year results.
• Modest weight loss significantly reduces oxygen cost of breathing in obese women.
• Academic programs for weight control.

Education

• Comprehensive School Health programs implemented in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods reduced inequalities in physical activity.
• Active learning leads to higher grades and fewer failing students in Science, Math, and Engineering.
• Clinical Informatics: Prospects for a new medical subspecialty.

Food

• Return of hunger following a relatively high carbohydrate breakfast is associated with earlier recorded glucose peak and nadir.
• Fight obesity with local craft beer?
• Peptides and food intake.
• The consumption of a moderate amount of protein at each meal stimulated 24-h muscle protein synthesis more effectively than skewing protein intake toward the evening meal.
• RCT: Mediterranean diet reduces 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids.
• Family meals may decrease risk of childhood obesity, eating disorders, and high-risk behaviors.
• Mitigating the health risks of dining out: The need for standardized portion sizes in restaurants.
• Fishing for the origins of the Eskimos and heart disease story. Facts or wishful thinking? A review.

Sugar

• Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning in rats by glucose but not a non-metabolizable glucose analog.
• Can You Find Health by Avoiding Sugar?
• NHS discusses the quality of evidence on sugar statements.
• Review: Cognitive and behavioural effects of sugar consumption in rodents.

Gut Microbiota

• Regulation of host weight gain and lipid metabolism by bacterial bile acid modification in the gut.
• Replication of obesity and associated signaling pathways through transfer of microbiota from obese-prone rats.

Appetite

• Factors that influence the reinforcing value of foods and beverages.
• Mechanisms of increased appetite and weight gain induced by psychotropic medications.

Psychology

• People prefer rooms with M&Ms when they are hungry.
• Neural Predictors of Giving in to Temptation in Daily Life.
• Uncontrolled eating is associated with reduced executive functioning.
• Dorsal striatal dopamine, food preference and health perception in humans.
• Protracted effects of juvenile stressor exposure are mitigated by access to palatable food in rats.

Evolution, Energetics & Ecology

• Migrate small, sound big: Functional constraints on body size promote tracheal elongation in cranes.
• Molecular regulation of adiposity in a migrant, the gray catbird.
• Human evolution and chronic diseases: Genes, allostasis, and cut-points.
• Energetic cost of behavioral thermoregulation in turtle embryos.
• Annual and spatial variability in gains of body weight in Macoma balthica (L.): Relationships with food supply and water temperature.
• Are life-history attributes, morphology, and metabolic rate linked in the African cichlid, Julidochromis ornatus?
• Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition (meta-analysis).

Basic Science

• α-ketoglutarate boosts lifespan in worms.
• Resveratrol compounds are potent inhibitors of human holocarboxylase synthetase and cause a lean phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster brummer mutants.
• Intermittent fasting induces hypothalamic modifications resulting in low feeding efficiency, low body mass and overeating in rats.
• Intrarenal ghrelin receptor antagonism prevents high-fat diet-induced hypertension in male rats.
• Mutation of mouse Samd4 causes leanness, myopathy, uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and dysregulated mTORC1 signaling.
• Calorie restriction-induced changes in the secretome of human adipocytes, comparison with resveratrol-induced secretome effects.
• In utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate promotes local adipose and systemic inflammation in adult male offspring in rats.

Policy Related

• Laws on à la carte snacks and entrées, vending machine snacks, and advertising of foods within schools are correlated with lower BMI, yet no evidence supports the effectiveness of other laws such as those mandating the frequency of P.E. or the licensure requirements of food service staff.
• A social cognitive theory: perspective of the sugary drink cup size policy.
• In a simulation, "SSB taxes do not have a negative impact on state-level employment, and industry claims of regional job losses are overstated and may mislead lawmakers and constituents."
• USPSTF: Obese patients need behavioral counseling for heart health.

Epidemiology

• Does Short Sleep Lead to Obesity Among Children and Adolescents?
• Obesity Boosts Risk for Persistent Pain After Car Crash.
• Association of multiple adiposity exposures and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality in men: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.
• Moderate Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Positively Associated With Resting Metabolic Rate in Young Adults.
• Come and Get It! A Discussion of Family Mealtime Literature and Factors Affecting Obesity Risk.
• Local Concentration of Fast-Food Outlets Is Associated With Poor Nutrition and Obesity.
• Long-term aircraft noise exposure and BMI, waist circumference, and type 2 diabetes: A prospective study.
• A comparison of obesity prevalence: Military health system and United States populations, 2009-2012.
• Analysis of fall Injuries by BMI.
• Living at a high altitude (>1.96km above sea level) may well be an effective way to prevent obesity.

Pregnancy

• Effect of gestational exposure to novel antipsychotics on body weight gain in rats.
• Predicting birth weight with conditionally linear transformation models.

Methods

• Automated segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous (deep and superficial) adipose tissues in normal and overweight men.
• Capturing individuals' food environments using flexible space-time accessibility measures.
• New metric can determine point of most efficient movement.

Stigma

• Customers evaluate employees and firms more negatively if the frontline worker is obese compared to average weight.
• Another Downside to Obesity for Teens: Fewer Friends.
• Criticism of Charles Barkley’s obesity-related comments.
• Perceived age and weight discrimination, more than perceived race and sex discrimination, are linked to worse health in older adults, according to new observational study.

Video

• Lee Kaplan: Physiological mechanisms of bariatric surgery.
• Microbiome, metagenomics and high-dimensional compositional data analysis.
• Commentary from Dr. Sharma on food addiction.
• Preparation of primary myogenic precursor cell/myoblast cultures from basal vertebrate lineages.

Commentary

• The Biology and Genetics of Obesity — A Century of Inquiries.
• The relation between BMI and substance use: A true can of worms.
• From its clear association with disease to its unending rise, everything we think we know about obesity is beginning to crumble.
• Three ways more labeling is not better.
• Jobless contend with weight gain as they search for work.
• Less smoking + More obesity = Lost productivity.

General Science

• Parasite treatment may help people with brain cancer.
• NSF Report: Reducing investigators’ administrative workload for federally funded research.
• Classic Paper: Essay on What Statistical Significance Does Not Mean.
• The Sun published “What’s your poison? The toxins that are all around us”. It contained so many scientific inaccuracies we called on trained toxicologists and dieticians to respond.
• New implanted devices (biologically adaptive, flexible transistors) may reshape medicine.
• Effects of 14th century Black Plague epidemic on survival distributions: Killing off the infirm, leaving the hardy at all ages.
• Melting of West Antarctic ice sheet cannot be stopped, researchers say.
• Magnetic 'fingerprints' of Milky Way Galaxy revealed in new map.
• Glowing space mice show where quantum dots lodge.

Announcements

• The Obesity Society Annual Meeting Abstract Deadline: June 2nd.
• Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) releases Spanish version of the Your Weight MattersSM campaign toolkit.
• Eisai Helps Address Gaps in Obesity Education with Website Designed for Physicians.
• Webinar: Mobile applications driving data efficiencies (June 4th).