Featured

• Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity.
• Effect of 1 year of alternate day fasting versus daily calorie restriction on type 2 diabetes risk.
• Obese-type Gut Microbiota Induce Neurobehavioral Changes in the Absence of Obesity.

Headline vs Study

• Headline: The MIND diet: 10 foods that fight Alzheimer’s (and 5 to avoid).
• Study: MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
• Story Review: 2 Stars - The MIND diet: 10 foods that fight Alzheimer’s (and 5 to avoid).

Contrary or Null Findings

• The hypothesis of shared genetic burdens among obesity, alcohol consumption, and addiction was not corroborated. (pdf)
• "Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away; however, the small fraction of US adults who eat an apple a day do appear to use fewer prescription medications."
• Not so giants: Mice lacking both somatostatin and cortistatin have high GH levels, but show no changes in growth rate or IGF-I levels.
• Baseline physical activity, dietary restraint, living conditions, and body dissatisfaction did not predict weight change at one year among college women.
• RCT: “This study demonstrated that incorporation of CHWs [community health workers] may help promote initial weight loss, especially among men, but not weight maintenance.”

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• The Assertion that Controlling for Baseline (Pre-Randomization) Covariates in Randomized Controlled Trials Leads to Bias Is False.
• Authors' response to Li et al. Obes Facts 2015;8:DOI: 10.159/000381434.
• Corresponding Editorial: Quality Management in Scientific Publishing - the Importance to Critically Scrutinize Scientific Work.
• Open Letter to the Secretaries of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services on the creation of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
• Low vs High Glycemic Index Diet.
• Low vs High Glycemic Index Diet—Reply.

Intergenerational Effects

• Epigenetic Signatures of Obesity
• Enriched Environment-Induced Maternal Weight Loss Reprograms Metabolic Gene Expression in Mouse Offspring.
• Why poor nutrition in the womb leads to obesity later in life.

Clinical

• New Book: The Clinician’s Guide to the Treatment of Obesity.
• Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: nutrition services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and special health care needs.

Surgery

• Pregnancy after bariatric surgery slows down postoperative weight loss but does not affect weight results at five-year follow-up.
• RCT: Stapling Versus Hand Suture for Gastroenteric Anastomosis in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Drugs

• Identification of a novel selective agonist of PPARγ with no promotion of adipogenesis and less inhibition of osteoblastogenesis.
• Pharmacological treatment of obesity – present and future.
• Two compounds target the gut to lower blood sugar, in obese or diabetic rats.
• Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats.
• Miglitol protects against age-dependent weight gain in mice: A potential role of increased UCP1 content in brown adipose tissue [Rapid Communication].
• Liver delipidating effect of a combination of resveratrol and quercetin in rats fed an obesogenic diet.
• Review: Resveratrol and obesity: Can resveratrol relieve metabolic disturbances?

Food & Diet

• Early skeletal muscle adaptations to short-term high-fat diet in humans before changes in insulin sensitivity.
• Usual breakfast eating habits affect response to breakfast skipping in overweight women.
• Interactive effects of oligofructose and obesity predisposition on gut hormones and microbiota in diet-induced obese rats.
• UF study finds vitamin D can affect pain and movement in obese individuals with osteoarthritis.
• A Cross-Sectional Examination of Vitamin D, Obesity, and Measures of Pain and Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis.
• Promoting Health and Longevity through Diet: From Model Organisms to Humans.
• Research Finds Commercial Diets Effective for Weight Loss, Tied to Better Health.
• With diabetes, fewer meals may mean less hunger, depression.

Caloric Restriction

• UCP1 is an essential mediator of the effects of methionine restriction on energy balance but not insulin sensitivity.
• Dietary restriction in moderately obese rats improves body size and glucose handling without the renal and hepatic alterations observed with a high-protein diet.
• Late-onset Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism by Modulating Pyruvate Metabolism.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• Scientists "created a mechanical boot fitted with a disarmingly simple spring-loaded device that augments the force of the wearer’s calf muscles, reducing the metabolic cost of walking by about 7%."
• Influence of Prenatal Exercise on Fetal/Infant Health.
• Obesity, fitness, and brain integrity in adolescence
• Physical activity in older people
• RCT: Effects of a 16-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight/Obese Latina Breast Cancer Survivors.
• Commentary: Using physical activity to gain the most public health bang for the buck.
• Effect of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity on All-Cause Mortality in Middle-aged and Older Australians.
• Leisure Time Physical Activity and Mortality A Detailed Pooled Analysis of the Dose-Response Relationship.

Epidemiology

• Association between Neighborhood Conditions and Birthweight.
• Fat distribution and mortality: The AGES-Reykjavik study.
• Greater Skeletal Muscle Fat Infiltration Is Associated With Higher All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Men
• Association of BMI with Chromosome Damage Levels and Lung Cancer Risk among Males
• Dietary contributors to glycemic load in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
• BMI and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose. (pdf)
• A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women.
• A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Adult Obesity: Evidence from Canada

Psychology

• Perceptions of overweight in US and global cultures.
• Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and energy intake in children.
• A High-Fat Diet Could Be Altering Your Behavior and Not Just Your Waistline.
• Dietary self-control influences top-down guidance of attention to food cues.

Stigma

• Health Consequences of Weight Stigma: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment
• A cross-sectional mixed methods study of explicit weight bias in medical students during pre-clinical, clinical, and post-clinical curriculum.
• A multi-national examination of weight bias: Predictors of anti-fat attitudes across four countries.

Policy Related

• "Good government, or too much? Boise councilman unveils ‘Healthy Initiatives 2.0’"
• Discussion Paper: Nutrition-Focused Food Banking.
• Keep Food Legal Foundation Speaks Out on FDA's "Added Sugar" Labeling Proposal
• Obesity as a Socially Defined Disease: Philosophical Considerations and Implications for Policy and Care.
• OAC Urges the FDA to Protect Consumers from Unsafe Weight-loss Supplements.
• "Iowa Congressman Steve King has reintroduced the 'No Hungry Kids Act,' in the U.S. House of Representatives."

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• Junk Food Is Making NYC Ants More Like Humans.
• Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate.
• Chimp Eggs Die Off Later than Humans Eggs—Even Though Humans Live Longer.
• Age-related decline in ovarian follicle stocks differ between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans.
• Lemurs may hold secrets to living longer, but they won’t increase our lifespan.
• Striking longevity in a hibernating lemur.

Methods

• Social Relationships and Obesity: Benefits of Incorporating a Lifecourse Perspective.
• Adaptive Thermogenesis in Resistance to Obesity Therapies: Issues in Quantifying Thrifty Energy Expenditure Phenotypes in Humans.
• A Natural Experiment Opportunity in Two Low-Income Urban Food Desert Communities

Mathematical and Quantitative

• Body Fat Composition Assessment Using Analytic Morphomics Predicts Infectious Complications After Bowel Resection in Crohn's Disease.
• Mathematical modelling of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Basic

• A Conserved Transcriptional Signature of Delayed Aging and Reduced Disease Vulnerability Is Partially Mediated by SIRT3
• Sestrin2 inhibits mTORC1 through modulation of GATOR complexes.
• Maternal dietary uridine causes, and deoxyuridine prevents, neural tube closure defects in a mouse model of folate-responsive neural tube defects.
• Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) enhances HSP, PGC-1α expressions and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats.
• Obesity-Associated Inflammatory Cytokines and Prostaglandin E2 Stimulate Glucose Transporter mRNA Expression and Glucose Uptake in Primary Human Adipose Stromal Cells.
• Uncoupling Protein 1 and Sarcolipin Are Required to Maintain Optimal Thermogenesis and Loss of Both Systems Compromises Survival of Mice Under Cold Stress.
• Nox2 Mediates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet.
• Metabolic Memory: Drosophila develop preferences for healthy foods that can be disrupted by overfeeding, a study suggests.

Video & Audio

• Radio Interview with Dr. Chip Lavie: The Obesity Paradox, Why Thinner Can Mean Sicker.
• David Ludwig: How Diet Composition May Affect Energy Storage.

Microbiome

• Sewage Reflects the Microbiomes of Human Populations.
• Progress and Challenges in Developing Metabolic Footprints from Diet in Human Gut Microbial Cometabolism.

Commentary

• Dr. Larry Cheskin: A brief timeline shows how we're gluttons for diet fads.
• Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965–2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity.
• Research Reporting: Chaff & Gaffe.
• Electric light, particularly at night, disrupts human circadian rhythmicity: is that a problem?
• Conversation With Dr. Martin Blaser On The Overuse Of Antibiotics
• Our Meat Obsession May Kill Us. But Not How You Think.
• Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals.
• More scientists doubt salt is as bad for you as the government says.

General

• Science and medicine have 'publication pollution' problem, according to medical ethicist.
• Common misconceptions about data analysis and statistics.
• Museum Exhibit: Life at the Limits: Stories of Amazing Species.
• Videos Available from NAS Conference: Drawing Causal Inference from Big Data.
• Video: Dr. Janet Turan at the National Academy of Sciences on Reducing HIV-Related Stigma in Healthcare Settings.
• Video: SciCafe: Mapping the Urban Microbiome, Genome, and Metagenome.
• Guidelines launched for online research integrity.
• Circadian Biology: The Early Bird Catches the Morning Shift
• Ageing and reproduction: antioxidant supplementation alleviates telomere loss in wild birds.
• Skeletal muscle lipid content and oxidative activity in relation to muscle fiber type in aging and metabolic syndrome
• Reporting research misconduct in the medical literature.

Announcements

• UAB Names Antoine Lavoisier Endowed Professorship of Energetics and Healthy Lifestyles.
• National Conference on Health Statistics.
• Janet Norwood Dies at 91; Led Labor Statistics Bureau
• Festival of Bad ad Hoc Hypotheses.
• Webinar: Nutrition Support for the Bariatric Surgery Patient: When and Why Nutrition Support is Needed.
• Energy Balance Experts from Six Continents Join Forces to Reduce Obesity
• Give Input on Strategies for Optimizing the Impact and Sustainability of Biomedical Research - submit by May 17.
• NIH - Clearinghouse for Training Modules to Enhance Data Reproducibility.
• Hot Topic Conference 2015: Obesity & Pregnancy.
• Obesity Management 2014: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Options for a Growing Problem - Earn CME credit for the webcast
• Please join the Institute of Medicine's Review of WIC Food Packages on June 25, 2015 for a public comment session on the WIC Food Package.
• American Diabetes Association Pathway Grant Nominations Open until July 1, 2015.
• Call for Abstracts: Translational Nutrition: Optimizing Brain Health - due May 29, 2015.