02/21/14
Featured
- RCT: Does Portion Size Matter? Among subjects given free lunch for 6 months, there was no significant difference in weight by portion size of the free lunch given.
- Video: John Sievenpiper - Sugars and cardiometabolic health: A story lost in translation?
- Optimal Defaults in the Prevention of Pediatric Obesity: From Platform to Practice.
Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs
- RCT: Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans.
- “…Exergaming can be considered a highly relevant strategic tool for the adoption of an active and healthy lifestyle and may be useful in the fight against childhood obesity. However, we believe that such a conclusion is premature and not supported by the current state of knowledge on this topic.”
- RCT: For women who were overweight or obese, antenatal lifestyle advice did not reduce the risk delivering a baby weighing above the 90th centile for gestational age and sex or improve maternal pregnancy and birth outcomes.
- Recommended fasting blood glucose rates not in line with levels observed among those with recommended A1C rates.
Headaches
- Obesity and Headache: Part I – A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Obesity and Headache.
- Obesity and Headache: Part II – Potential Mechanism and Treatment Considerations.
Genetics
- Activation of AKT by O-GlcNAcylation Induces Vascular Calcification in Diabetes.
- Calico Cat's Patchwork Fur May Help Humans Beat Obesity in Genetics Study.
Clinical
- Use of HbA1c for Diagnoses of Diabetes and Prediabetes: Comparison with Diagnoses Based on Fasting and 2-Hr Glucose Values and Effects of Gender, Race, and Age.
- Nutritional Strategies for the Preservation of Fat Free Mass at High Altitude.
- Feasibility of a virtual learning collaborative to implement an obesity QI project in 29 pediatric practices.
- Metabolic profile before and after short-term overfeeding with a high-fat diet: a comparison between South Asian and white men.
- The Effect of Eight Weeks of Whole Body Vibration Training on Body Composition and Adipose Tissue Localized in Overweight Women.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of whole of community interventions to prevent excessive population weight gain.
Food
- Evaluating Bioactive Food Components in Obesity and Cancer Prevention.
- The Full-Fat Paradox: Whole Milk May Keep Us Lean.
- Intake of trans fat and incidence of stroke in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort.
- High saturated fat and low carbohydrate diet decreases lifespan independent of body weight in mice.
- Carbs against Cardio: More Evidence that Refined Carbohydrates, not Fats, Threaten the Heart.
- High-fat diet triggers Mallory-Denk body formation via misfolding and crosslinking of excess keratin 8 in mice.
- RCT: Comparative effect of two Mediterranean diets versus a low-fat diet on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Drugs
- Suppression of adipogenesis by valproic acid through repression of USF1-activated fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes.
- RCT: Effects of growth hormone administration for 6 months on bone turnover and bone marrow fat in obese premenopausal women.
- RCT: Liraglutide improves long-term glycemic control and weight loss compared with insulin aspart.
Exercise
- Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases – Implications Regarding Fitness, Fatness and Severity in the Obesity Paradox.
- RCT: Success of a new programme for tackling obesity in men.
- Impact of moderate versus mild aerobic exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
- RCT: Hormonal adaptations to endurance training versus resistance training in postmenopause obese women.
Psychology
- Dietary restriction reverses obesity-induced anhedonia in rats.
- RCT: Developing self-regulation for dietary temptations: intervention effects on physical, self-regulatory and psychological outcomes.
Stigma
- The Effect of Context on the Evaluation of Obese vs. Average-Weight Children As a Function of Antifat Attitude.
- Perceived judgment about weight can negatively influence weight loss: A cross-sectional study of overweight and obese patients.
- Overweight and obese individuals with internalized weight bias are at risk for impaired health.
Surgery
- RCT: The short-term results of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass regarding weight loss, resolution of obesity-related comorbidities and complications were not different at 6 months.
- On top of a majority of health plans not providing coverage, only 1% of eligible patients get weight loss surgery.
Methods
- A differential dielectric affinity glucose sensor.
- A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration.
- Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment to Characterize Adolescent Postoperative Diet and Activity Patterns Following Weight Loss Surgery.
- Assessment of the Healthy Eating Index-2010 as a Valid and Reliable Measure of Diet Quality According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
- Feeding and metabolic consequences of scheduled consumption of large, binge-type meals of high fat diet in the Sprague–Dawley rat.
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis results cannot be used in place of DXA without bias and error, when measuring fat-free mass and fat mass in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Epidemiology
- Intermittent fasting during Ramadan associated with a transient increase in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterols and hs-CRP in ethnic obese adolescents.
- Height, adiposity and hormonal cardiovascular risk markers in childhood: how to partition the associations?
- Proximity to 'unhealthy' food outlets associated with prevalence of overweight and obesity among UK children.
- Obesity is associated with higher 4E-BP1 expression in endometrial cancer.
- A heartier appetite in early infancy is prospectively associated with more rapid growth up to age 15 months, suggesting appetite as an early marker for risk of weight gain.
Aging
- Nucleolar GTPase NOG-1 Regulates Development, Fat Storage, and Longevity through Insulin/IGF Signaling in C. elegans.
- Attribution of Causes of Weight Loss and Weight Gain to 3-Year Mortality in Older Adults: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
- Protein intake protects against weight loss in healthy community-dwelling older adults.
Evolution, Energetics and Ecology
- Population genomics of eusocial insects: the costs of a vertebrate-like effective population size.
- Competition, virulence, host body mass and the diversification of macro-parasites.
- Chronic exposure to hypercapnic conditions alters nutrient allocation to organ systems and functions, leading to changes in somatic and reproductive production, in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus.
Sperm
- In Subfertile Couple, Abdominal Fat Loss in Men Is Associated with Improvement of Sperm Quality and Pregnancy: A Case-Series.
- Sustained High Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Activity in the Sperm of Obese Male Impairs the Sperm Acrosome Reaction.
Intergenerational Effects
- In Utero Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Air Pollution Promotes Adverse Intrauterine Conditions, Resulting in Weight Gain, Altered Blood Pressure, and Increased Susceptibility to Heart Failure in Adult Mice.
- Animal mothers’ milk differs by infant’s sex.
- Inadequate weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women: what is the effect on fetal growth?
- Maternal and postweaning high-fat diets disturb hippocampal gene expression, learning and memory function in rats.
Policy Related
- “Natural” Class Action Against Dietary Supplements.
- California law proposal would put health warning labels on soda.
Basic Science
- Micro-architectural changes in cancellous bone differ in female and male C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density.
- Endogenous ways to stimulate brown adipose tissue in humans.
- A Functional, Genome-wide Evaluation of Liposensitive Yeast Identifies the “ARE2 Required for Viability” (ARV1) Gene Product as a Major Component of Eukaryotic Fatty Acid Resistance.
- Obesity interferes with the orosensory detection of long-chain fatty acids in humans.
- Chronic exposure to low doses of pharmaceuticals disturbs the hepatic expression of circadian genes in lean and obese mice.
- Differentiated human stem cells resemble fetal, not adult, beta cells.
- Regulation of Hepatic Energy Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis by BAD.
- Mechanisms of the Munchies: Using mice to explore cannabinoid type-1 receptors in hunger, olfaction, and food intake.
- RAGE Regulates the Metabolic and Inflammatory Response to High Fat Feeding in Mice.
- Islet number rather than islet size is a major determinant of beta and alpha cell mass in humans.
Commentary
- 3 Factors Obscure Breastfeeding’s Effect on Obesity.
- If fast food is addictive, cheap and available, and almost all of us eat it, then why aren’t we all obese?
- Comment on letter to the editor from F. Lapostolle: ‘Worldwide relation between the number of McDonald's restaurants and the prevalence of obesity’.
- David Katz: Gills, Pills, and Obesity Genes.
- Healthy snacking recommendations: One size does not fit all.
- Readers of the NYT respond to Gary Taubes' "Why nutrition is so confusing".
- In search of a righteous diet.
- The FDA, 23andMe, 'unverified health claims' and the future of direct-to-consumer genetic testing.
Video
General Science
- Tracing Ancestry, Researchers Produce a Genetic Atlas of Human Mixing Events.
- The ethics of big data.
- Approaches and Costs for Sharing Clinical Research Data.
- Admixture facilitates genetic adaptations to high altitude in Tibet.
- Professors, We Need You!
- NSF Survey: Americans struggle with science, but respect scientists and are interested in hearing about the latest scientific breakthroughs.
- Did the model for da Vinci's Vitruvian Man die of a hernia?
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