01/02/15
Featured
- RCT: Eating with chopsticks lowers the glycemic index of rice.
- RCT: A lower-carbohydrate, higher-fat diet reduces abdominal and intermuscular fat and increases insulin sensitivity in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.
Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs
- RCT: This pilot study found no evidence that manipulating expectancies about treatment efficacy or not blinding raters biased measurements.
- Using exposure to the reform as an instrument ..., we find that for women ages 18-30, education has no impact on self-reported health, BMI, overweight, obesity... education increases men's BMI and the propensity to be overweight and obese.
- The Presence of Methanogenic Bacteria, Identified During Clinical Breath Testing, Is Not Associated with a Higher BMI in a U.S. Midwestern Population.
- RCT: Ranitidine at doses of 150 and 300 mg per day when combined with olanzapine was ineffective in attenuating olanzapine-induced weight gain.
- RCT: "Rate of weight loss does not affect the proportion of weight regained within 144 weeks."
- RCT: No significant differential effects of egg, egg-whites, or high carb breakfast in humans.
Food
- Intermittent access to liquid sucrose differentially modulates energy intake and related central pathways in control or high-fat fed mice.
- Association of maternal BMI with hormones in breast milk: a systematic review.
- Effect of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
- Humans are more sensitive to the taste of linoleic and a-linolenic than oleic acid.
Exercise
- A combination of exercise and capsinoids supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice.
- RCT: Comparison of the acute metabolic responses to traditional resistance, body-weight, and battling rope exercises.
- Fitter individuals appear to over-report PA more than lesser fit participants.
Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology
- In flies, the "cost of cheating was negative condition dependent because the deduction in fat reserve in order to exaggerate the signal would represent a greater physiological cost for males in poor condition, constraining males in poor condition from cheating."
- Acclimating to thermal changes: intraspecific variation by a small mammal from the Andes Mountains.
Epidemiology
- Regional disparities in obesity prevalence in the United States: A spatial regime analysis.
- Dietary patterns derived using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
- Dietary contributors to glycemic load in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.
- Associations of neighborhood area level deprivation with the metabolic syndrome.
- Obesity was associated with a greater rate of slip, trip and fall injuries.
Clinical
- Obesity Management: Applying Clinical Trial Data to Clinical Care.
- RCT: Effects of weight loss on foot structure and function in obese adults.
- Obesity, metabolic health, and the risk of end-stage renal disease.
Surgery
- Effect of bariatric surgery combined with medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy or caloric restriction and weight loss on glycemic control in ZDF rat.
- Sexual Functioning and Sex Hormones in Men Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery.
- Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Quality of Life.
- Continued loss in visceral and intermuscular adipose tissue in weight-stable women following bariatric surgery.
- RCT: Liquid vs normal very low calorie diets before bariatric surgery.
Drugs
- Why are anti-obesity drugs stigmatized?
- RCT: The effect of recombinant human growth hormone with or without rosiglitazone on hepatic fat content in HIV-1 infected individuals.
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Policy Related
- Evidence-based fitness promotion in an afterschool setting: Implementation fidelity and its policy implications.
- Is the banning of unhealthy foods at school canteens associated with principal influence or school policy?
- Support for laws to prohibit weight discrimination in the United States: Public attitudes from 2011 to 2013.
- Are government efforts to "nudge" us to lose weight really based on science?
Psychology
- The influence of hot and cool executive function on the development of eating styles related to overweight in children.
- Food reinforcement and delay discounting in zBMI-discordant siblings.
Caloric Restriction
- Calorie restriction mimetics: Can you have your cake and eat it, too?
- Mild caloric restriction reduces blood pressure and activates endothelial AMPK-PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway in obese Zucker rats.
- Disruption of Snf3/Rgt2 glucose sensors decreases lifespan and caloric restriction effectiveness through Mth1/Std1 by adjusting mitochondrial efficiency in yeast.
- A time-efficient reduction of fat mass in 4 days with exercise and caloric restriction.
Energy Balance
- Economics of food intake in mice: Energy yield of the reinforcer.
- A paradoxical role for alarin in the nervous control of energy homeostasis and thermoregulation: orexigenic but hypermetabolic.
Economics
- Community socioeconomic deprivation and obesity trajectories in children using electronic health records.
- The poverty effects of a 'fat-tax' in Ireland.
- Material Need Insecurities, Control of Diabetes Mellitus, and Use of Health Care Resources: Results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes Study.
Methods
- Estimating energy expenditure using heat flux measured at a single body site.
- Differing Statistical Approaches Affect the Relation between Egg Consumption, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults.
- Application of NMR-based metabolomics to the study of gut microbiota in obesity.
- Systematic research review of observational approaches used to evaluate mother-child mealtime interactions during preschool years.
- Modelling the vicious circle between obesity and physical activity in children and adolescents using a bivariate probit model with endogenous regressors.
- Even modest prediction accuracy of genomic models can have large clinical utility.
Stigma
- Obesity Bias, Medical Technology and the Hormonal Hypothesis: Should We Stop Demonizing Fat People?
- A Northern Approach to Childhood Obesity?
Basic Science
- Adiponectin prevents reduction of lipid-induced mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/ACC2 pathway in chicken adipocyte.
- Secretion of fatty acid binding protein aP2 from adipocytes through a non-classical pathway in response to adipocyte lipase activity.
- Mechanisms of Aging-Related Impairment of Brown Adipocyte Development and Function.
- Expression Profiling and Structural Characterization of MicroRNAs in Adipose Tissues of Hibernating Ground Squirrels.
- Chronic oxytocin administration inhibits food intake, increases energy expenditure, and produces weight loss in fructose-fed obese rhesus monkeys.
- Absence of Intracellular Ion Channels TPC1 and 2 Leads to Mature-Onset Obesity in Male Mice, Due to Impaired Lipid Availability for Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue.
New Year Commentary from Ted Kyle
- 10 Nutrition, Health & Fitness Trends for 2015.
- Goodbye to 5 Infatuations of 2014.
- Obesity Wish List for 2015.
Commentary
- Naked Scientists: Fancy popping an anti-fat pill?
- Hank Cardello: Restaurants Should Be Doing More to Fight Obesity--for Their Own Good.
- Fast Food Nation and Fast-Track Arthroplasty: Can We Have Our Cake and Eat It Too?
- "Sufficient Unto the Day:" The Complexities of Satiety.
- Energy balance measurement: when something is not better than nothing.
General Science
- The Myth of Learning Styles.
- How DNA Sequencing In Sewers Could Detect Disease Outbreaks.
- Science Isn't Science If It Isn't Reproducible.
- Enhanced Cardiac Akt/PKB Signaling Contributes to Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy in Part by Impairing Mitochondrial Function Via Transcriptional Repression of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Genes.
Announcements