Obesity and Energetics Offerings

Featured

• The [plausible] Effect of Sleep Duration on Body Weight in Adolescents: Evidence from a Natural [Quasi] Experiment.
• Obesity and Mortality: Are the risks declining? Evidence from multiple prospective studies in the United States.
• Obesity and Mortality: An interview with UAB's Tapan Mehta.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• No Increase in Female Breast Size or Fat Redistribution to the Upper Body After Liposuction: A Prospective Controlled Photometric Study.
• RCT: No differential effects of brown and golden flaxseed on the lipid profile, glycemia, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and body composition in overweight adolescents.
• Children gain more weight during summers than during school year.
• RCT: In adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP combined with a weight-loss intervention did not reduce CRP levels more than either intervention alone.
• Low Carbohydrate Diet Score does not Predict Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
• "For the obese transplanted patient today, the graft and patient survival is the same as that of the nonobese patient."
• RCT: "There were no main effects of nutritional labelling on [popcorn] consumption."

Sleep and Light

• The bright-nights and dim-days of the urban photoperiod: Implications for circadian rhythmicity, metabolism and obesity.
• Color and illuminance level of lighting can modulate willingness to eat bell peppers.
• 4-5 year old children with shorter night-time sleep durations and later bedtimes were more likely to be obese and to gain weight over time.

Transportation

• Excess passenger weight impacts on US transportation systems fuel use (1970–2010).
• Our empirical study suggests that the comprehensive impacts of obesity and overweight on gasoline consumption are little or ambiguous.
• Obesity and other risk factors: The National Survey of U.S. Long-Haul Truck Driver Health and Injury.
• Effects of obesity on occupant responses in frontal crashes: a simulation analysis using human body models.
• Obesity and vehicle type as risk factors for injury caused by motor vehicle collision.

Clinical

• Threat Grows From Liver Illness Tied to Obesity.
• RCT: Walking, Yoga, and Coaching Intervention for Obesity.
• "A high energy flux, maintained by increasing energy expenditure, can improve an individual’s metabolic profile without changing weight."
• Systematic review of the impact of dietary macronutrient distribution on BMI and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Food

• RCT: Grain, Fish and Bilberries on Serum Metabolic Profile and Lipid Transfer Protein Activities.
• RCT: The role of meal viscosity and oat ß-glucan characteristics in human appetite control.
• RCT: The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program.
• A review of the effects of nuts on appetite, food intake, metabolism, and body weight.
• Engineering bananas to contain extra Vitamin A.

Drugs

• Liraglutide in the treatment of obesity.
• RCT: The beneficial effects of VSL#3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
• RCT: Effects of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine on appetite, food intake and emotional processing in healthy volunteers.
• Sustained-release Naltrexone/Bupropion -- A Novel Phramacologic Approach to Obesity and Food Craving.

Exercise

• RCT: The Family Partners for Health Study for Child and Parent Weight Management.
• RCT: Owners and Pets Exercising Together: Canine Response to Veterinarian-Prescribed Physical Activity.
• RCT: Effect of weight loss, exercise, or both on cognition and quality of life in obese older adults.
• Compared to women who did not report exercising at least three times a week during pregnancy, exercising women were more likely to meet gestational weight gain recommendations (32.7% vs. 18.7%) and had a lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain.

Caloric Restriction-Related

• Long-lived crowded-litter mice exhibit lasting effects on insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis.
• Rapamycin-mediated lifespan increase in mice is dose and sex dependent and metabolically distinct from dietary restriction.
• Intermittent fasting attenuates inflammasome activity in ischemic stroke.
• Glycerol extends lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera) and protects against stressors.
• Caloric restriction and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

Psychology

• Sedentary behaviour and social anxiety in obese individuals: the mediating role of body esteem.
• Is My Kid Out of Size? Indian Mothers' Desirability Bias in Evaluation of Their Children's Weight.
• For a pleasant gustatory experience, memory of end enjoyment, rather than beginning enjoyment, determines how soon people desire to repeat that experience.

Parental Control / Effects

• Medium Is the Message: Moderate Parental Control of Feeding Correlates With Improved Weight Outcome in a Pediatric Obesity Intervention.
• "Maternal bereavement during the prenatal period was associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity in a group of young male conscripts, and this may possibly be reflected to severe stress exposure early in life."
• "Despite insecure socioeconomic contexts, women positioned themselves as expert mothers, evidenced through their strategies in dealing with the problem of ‘fussy eaters’ and their challenges of ‘expert’ advice."

Cognitive Function / Academics

• In Utero Ramadan Exposure and Children's Academic Performance.
• Association between BMI and Cognitive Performance in Rugby Players.
• UP & DOWN study: Birth weight, current body composition correlated with academic performance in tween population.
• The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 and Incident Cognitive Impairment: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Surgery

• Four new sources of data, highlighted at the annual Scientific Sessions of the ADA, provide evidence for the utility of diabetes surgery.
• Complications of Laparoscopic Versus Open Bariatric Surgical Interventions in Obesity Management.
• 10-year follow-up: Higher mortality rate after open Roux-in-Y gastric bypass observed in patients that were older, heavier (BMI > 50), hypertensive or male; overall 10-year mortality rate "quite low" at ~3.3%.

Temperature

• A Temperature Hypothesis of Hypothalamus-Driven Obesity.
• Responses of the Insulin Signaling Pathways in the Brown Adipose Tissue of Rats following Cold Exposure.

Gut Microbiota

• Gut carbohydrate metabolism instead of fat metabolism regulated by gut microbes mediates high-fat diet-induced obesity.
• Distinct signatures of host–microbial meta-metabolome and gut microbiome in two C57BL/6 strains under high-fat diet.
• Molecular ecological tools to decipher the role of our microbial mass in obesity.

Methods

• Determination of plate waste in primary school lunches by weighing and visual estimation methods: A validation study.
• Under-estimation of obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol by self-reported data.
• How weight change is modelled in population studies can affect research findings: empirical results from a large-scale cohort study.
• Muscle Mass Index as a Predictor of Longevity in Older Adults.

Genetics

• The Pathogenesis of Obesity from a Genomic and Systems Biology Perspective.
• Null mutation in hormone-sensitive lipase gene and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Neuroscience

• Deficiencies in inhibitory mechanism in obesity.
• Response to Deep Brain Stimulation in the Lateral Hypothalamic Area in a Rat Model of Obesity: In Vivo Assessment of Brain Glucose Metabolism.

Epidemiology

• Abdominal obesity, rather than overall obesity, is associated with heart disease in dogs.
• Association of Sustaining Lifestyle Modifications (Nonsmoking, Weight Reduction, Physical Activity, and Mediterranean Diet) After Healing of Myocardial Infarction, Percutaneous Intervention, or Coronary Bypass (from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study).
• Urban sprawl and BMI among displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors.
• Association of adenovirus 36 infection with adiposity and inflammatory-related markers in children.
• Obesity and happiness: does gender matter?
• Change in the Built Environment and its Association with Change in Walking and Obesity in Middle Age and Older Adults.
• Interpregnancy Changes in Maternal Weight and BMI.
• Prospective cohort study: "After adjusting for potential confounders ... the analysis showed significantly lower non-cardiac mortality in patients with a BMI [of] 20-24.9, 25-29.9 and 30-35 as compared to low weight patients."

Stigma

• Barriers to Contraception: The Effect of Obesity Bias on Women's Contraceptive Practices.
• Punishment for Body Deviance: A multilevel analysis of 26 countries of obesity, social sanction and psychological distress.

Evolution, Energetics & Ecology

• Dinosaurs 'neither warm nor cold blooded'.
• Thinking Evolutionarily About obesity.
• The effect of overwintering temperature on the body energy reserves and phenoloxidase activity of bumblebee Bombus lucorum queens.
• How wasting is saving: Weight loss at altitude might result from an evolutionary adaptation.

Media & Rhetoric

• Congressional hearing investigates Dr. Oz 'miracle' weight loss claims.
• Video: Food industry branded as ‘stock villain’ by media.
• Can media images of obese people undermine health messages? An experimental study of visual representation and risk perception.
• Why Good Science Isn’t Enough.
• Examining the Media Portrayal of Obesity Through the Lens of the 'Common Sense Model of Illness Representations'.
• Making sense of chemical stories.

Policy Related

• Obesity: From Public Health to Public Policy - An Interview with Marlene Schwartz, PhD.
• The Burden of Overweight and Obesity on Long-term Care and Medicaid Financing.
• Weighing the treatment of obesity as a public health emergency in order to override liberty-based objections to proposed policies.

Basic Science

• Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high fat-sensitive but not in high carbohydrate-sensitive obesity prone rats.
• Activation and recruitment of brown adipose tissue as anti-obesity regimens in humans.
• Recruiting inflammatory cells to fat.
• Body condition scoring and obesity in captive African side-neck turtles (Pelomedusidae).
• Artemisia scoparia Enhances Adipocyte Development and Endocrine Function In Vitro and Enhances Insulin Action In Vivo.
• Lipocalin 2 regulates brown fat activation via a non-adrenergic activation mechanism.
• Scientists Reverse Type 1 Diabetes, in Mice.
• Progress towards a bionic pancreas for controlling blood glucose levels.
• Genome-wide association mapping including phenotypes from relatives without genotypes in a single-step (ssGWAS) for 6-week body weight in broiler chickens.

Commentary

• David Katz: Study: Saturated Fat as Bad as Sugar!
• TIME: Ending the War on Fat.
• What is causing the worldwide rise in body weight?
• From the Frying Pan into the Fire? Saturated Fat and Health.
• Transferring eating behaviors from generation to generation.
• Two more pieces to the 1000-piece carbohydrate puzzle.

Video

• 'Nutrient Partitioning: Where Does the Energy Go?' with UAB's Edward Archer.

General Science

• Genetics of ecological divergence during speciation.
• Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster Reveal Features of an Uncharacterized Circadian Property: The Lower Temperature Limit of Rhythmicity.
• Read the life story of the 'Mother of Forensic Science' and see the dollhouse murder scenes she left behind.
• Why wasn't Jennifer hired? Gender bias in STEM hiring.
• Three reasons why some animals forgo reproduction in complex societies.
• Researchers grow 3-D retinal tissue that can sense light from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
• When science gets it wrong, let the light shine in.
• 10 Scientific Ideas That Scientists Wish You Would Stop Misusing.

Announcements

• UAB's Julia Gohlke receives New Investigator Award from The Teratology Society.

Featured

• Repeated Sense of Hunger Leads to the Development of Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in a Mouse Model.
• Ethical Issues in the Care of the Obese Woman – a statement from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Ideas

• Targeting popular teens not projected to be all that effective in fighting obesity.
• Generally the heavier and older the person, the more likely the intervention is to be cost effective.
• RCT: Circulating fetuin-A levels are not affected by short and long-term energy deprivation and/or by leptin administration.
• No role for vitamin D or a moderate fat diet in aging induced cognitive decline and emotional reactivity in C57BL/6 mice.
• RCT: Information on the benefits of consuming foods does not promote intake in young children.
• No Effect of Short-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Metabolism at Rest or During Exercise in the Fed-State.
• RCT: “Our results indicate that small weight loss does not produce measurable health benefits, whereas short-term regular aerobic exercise can improve glucose and lipid metabolism even in the absence of weight loss in previously sedentary overweight and obese women.”
• RCT: “Two weeks of calcium supplementation does not influence substrate utilization during exercise in physically active males.”

Light

• Nighttime Light Exposure as a Risk Factor for Obesity Through Disruption of Circadian and Circannual Rhythms.
• Circadian rhythms of gene expression of lipid metabolism in Gilthead Sea bream liver: Synchronisation to light and feeding time.
• Disrupted daily light-dark cycles induce physical inactivity and enhance weight gain in mice depending on dietary fat intake.
• Effect of Varying Light Intensity on Immunity Level, Dressed Weight, Minor Body Parts Weight, Fat Deposition and Serum Glucose Level in Broilers.

Surgery      

• RCT: Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery or Lifestyle With Intensive Medical Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Feasibility and 1-Year Results.
• Association of Bariatric Surgery With Long-term Remission of Type 2 Diabetes and With Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications.
• RCT: Surgical vs Medical Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Psychology

• RCT: Emphasising Personal Investment Effects Weight Loss and Hedonic Thoughts about Food after Obesity Surgery.
• FTO polymorphisms moderate the association of food reinforcement with energy intake.
• Women who are motivated to eat and discount the future are more obese.

Policy Related

• The positive and negative correlates of providing parents with weight feedback as part of the national child measurement programme: a prospective cohort study.
• The simulated effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages across different income groups.
• The simulated effects of ending SNAP subsidies for sugar-sweetened beverages on obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Neuroscience

• Greater striatopallidal adaptive coding during cue–reward learning and food reward habituation predict future weight gain.
• Drug Specificity in Drug Versus Food Choice in Male Rats.

Mortality

• Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Paradoxical BMI-Mortality Risk Association in Male Veterans.
• Longevity Diet.
• Authors should rely on continuous modeling to capture the non-linearity of BMI mortality relationships.
• The ways in which BMI data are categorized and reported may shape inferences about the degree of risk for various BMI categories.
• Editorial: BMI and Risk of Death.

Methods

• Reproducibility of Fatmax and Fat Oxidation Rates during Exercise in Recreationally Trained Males.
• Automatic ingestion monitor: A novel wearable device for monitoring of ingestive behavior.
• Modelling the Economics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention: A Literature Review of Methods.
• Analytic methods for individually randomized group treatment trials and group-randomized trials when subjects belong to multiple groups.

Gut Microbiome

• The structure and function of the murine gut microbiome in sub-therapeutic antibiotic-induced obesity.
• Rugby stars have 'exceptional' guts with more diverse flora - but despite the quote from the study, no causality was shown between exercise and gut flora diversity. (Was originally: Rugby stars have 'exceptional' guts – that help prevent obesity.)
• Malnutrition: Starving Children Lack Crucial Gut Bacteria.
• Abnormal Weight Gain and Gut Microbiota Modifications Are Side Effects of Long-Term Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Treatment.

Fructose Confusion

• There is more fructose in beverages than expected.
• There is not more fructose in beverages than expected.

Food

• RCT: Effect of Dietary Protein Intake on Body Composition Changes During Intense Training in an Energy Deficit.
• RCT: No significant effect of whole-grain intake on weight in obese children.
• RCT: Sugar-sweetened beverages with moderate amounts of fructose, but not sucrose, induce Fatty Acid synthesis in healthy young men.
• RCT: Weight loss, glycemic control, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in response to differential diet composition in a weight loss program in type 2 diabetes.

Exercise     

• Physical Activity and Health Outcomes: A Systematic and Methodological Review.
• Physical Activity May Stave Off Diabetes for Women at Risk.
• No differential effect of yoga vs walking for overweight and obese adults.

Epidemiology

• Intergenerational Transmission of BMI and Obesity: Evidence from the British Cohort Study.
• Meta-analysis on night shift work and risk of metabolic syndrome.
• Peer-Effects [correlates] in Obesity among Public Elementary School Children: A Grade-Level Analysis.

Energetics, Evolution, & Ecology

• "Out of Tibet" hypothesis: Cradle of evolution for cold-adapted mammals is in Tibet.
• Genomic Diversity and Admixture Differs for Stone-Age Scandinavian Foragers and Farmers.
• Are Fat Reserves Adequate in Migrant Silver American Eels of a Large-Scale Stocking Experiment in the St. Lawrence/Lake Ontario System?
• Sea otter moms invest so much energy in raising their pups that they risk their own survival.
• Molecular analyses of endocrine and nutritional factors that affect division of labor and health in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Drugs

• Pluronic modified leptin with increased systemic circulation, brain uptake and efficacy for treatment of obesity.
• Orexigen: Hurry Up and Wait.
• RCT: Effects of PYY3-36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men.
• Pentoxifylline for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.
• RCT: Melatonin attenuates antipsychotic metabolic effects.

Computational  

• A Multi-agent Simulation: The Case of Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity.
• Lattice Boltzmann method for integrating the Bloch equation in muscle fibers and microvessels.
• Leveraging social influence to address overweight and obesity using agent-based models: the role of adolescent social networks.
• We propose a method for food recognition referred to as the Cloud SVM training mechanism in a cloud computing environment with Map Reduce technique for distributed machine learning that has increased accuracy in food recognition.

Clinical

• Regular self-weighing to promote weight maintenance after intentional weight loss: a quasi-experiment.
• A review of the use of the 5 A’s model for weight loss counselling: differences between physician practice and patient demand.
• RCT: Comparative effects of TV watching, recreational computer use, and sedentary video game play on spontaneous energy intake in male children.

Basic Science

• Linking adiponectin and autophagy in the regulation of breast cancer metastasis.
• The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
• Lose weight by tricking body into thinking it's cold.
• Fasting for two days could regenerate the immune system.
• Nutritional regulation of glucokinase: a cross-species story.

Adipose Tissue

• Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Orchestrate Development of Functional Beige Fat.
• Eosinophils in Fat: Pink Is the New Brown.
• Melatonin improves mitochondrial function in inguinal white adipose tissue of Zücker diabetic fatty rats.
• Identification of a novel lncRNA in gluteal adipose tissue and evidence for its positive effect on preadipocyte differentiation.

Bone

• Loss of bone strength in response to exercise-induced weight loss in obese postmenopausal women: results from a pilot study.
• Regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton: Osteocalcin and beyond.
• Mass effect and signal intensity alteration in the suprapatellar fat pad: associations with knee symptoms and structure.
• A New Way to Burn Calories.
• Diet fatty acid profile, membrane composition and lifespan: An experimental study using the blowfly (Calliphora stygia).
• Altered nutrient response of mTORC1 as a result of changes in REDD1 expression: Effect of obesity versus REDD1 deficiency.
• TAF7L modulates brown adipose tissue formation.

General Science

• Now low salt diets needed for butterflies?
• Daniel Gilbert: The psychology of your future self.
• Assessing Value in Biomedical Research - The PQRST of Appraisal and Reward.
• Athena Factor 2.0: Accelerating Female Talent in Science, Engineering & Technology.

Commentary

• David Katz “Debunking Breakfast.”
• Frontiers in Nutritional Methodology Grand Challenge.
• Time: The Truth About Fat.
• Dr. Oz Will Tell Congress About Weight Loss Scams.
• Studying the Elusive Environment in Large Scale.
• This cynical five-a-day myth: Nutrition expert claims we've all been duped.
• CHEMICAL CUISINE: Why We Love Chocolate.
• Comparative Effectiveness Research and Outcomes of Diabetes Treatment.
• Experts confront the question of whether obesity treatment is futile.

Announcements

• IOM Report: The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States - Workshop Summary.
• FASEB Meeting: Nutrient Sensing and Metabolic Signaling - August 10-15, 2014.
• Recent Advances and Controversies in Measuring Energy Metabolism, Oct 10-12 at Kao Corporation in Tokyo, Japan.
• Obesity Action Coalition (OAC) Applauds the American Medical Association on Supporting Patient Access to Evidence-based Treatments for the Disease of Obesity.

Featured

• RCT1: The effectiveness of breakfast recommendations on weight loss – no effect found.
• RCT2: The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health – no effect found.
• RCT3: Overall more energy was consumed during the breakfast than the no breakfast week.
• RCT4: “Our results do not support an effect of oat and barley bran fibers on satiety above a low fiber control.”
• Commentary: Snap, Crackle, And Pop Goes The Conventional Wisdom About Breakfast And Weight Loss.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: No significant effect of a cognitive-behavioral skills building intervention on Hispanic adolescents’ BMI.
• There's No 'Obesity Paradox' for Stroke, Study Finds.

Imagination Stretchers

• The Really Weird Trend of Breast Milk as Energy Beverage.
• New genes involved in food preferences will revolutionize diets and improve health.

Basic Science

• The hormone leptin, which signals fullness to animals, acts not only through neurons but through glia, too.
• Quantitative trait loci for energy balance traits in an advanced intercross line derived from mice divergently selected for heat loss.
• The chemical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) protects against diet-induced obesity and improves energy homeostasis in mice at thermoneutrality.
• Sexually dimorphic functional connectivity in response to high versus low energy-dense food cues in obese humans: An fMRI study.
• Inability to Taste Fat in Food can Lead to Obesity.
• A lack of O2 in fat cells triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.
• Osteopontin deletion prevents the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis via impaired adipose tissue matrix remodeling and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in adipose tissue and liver in mice.
• MitoNEET-mediated effects on browning of white adipose tissue.
• Mex3c mutation reduces adiposity partially through increasing physical activity.
• Decellularized adipose matrix hydrogels stimulate in vivo neovascularization and adipose formation.

Falls and Fractures

• Review about obesity as a factor contributing to falls by older adults.
• Do obese children experience more severe fractures than nonobese children? A cross-sectional study from a pediatric emergency department.
• Findings suggest that the relationship between BMI and fracture risk is mediated by bone mineral density.
• Sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity: 5-year associations with falls risk in middle-aged and older adults.

Clinical

• The effect of a 6-week whole body vibration training protocol on the physical capacities and fatigability of overweight young female adults.
• Review of obesity treatment in disadvantaged population groups: where do we stand and what can we do?
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of comprehensive behavioral family lifestyle interventions addressing pediatric obesity.
• Using virtual reality to study, assess and treat obesity: illustrations of the use of an emerging tool.
• RCT: study findings suggest that Liraglutide is an effective adjunct for weight loss among overweight and obese adults when paired with diet and exercise.

Stigma

• Findings from a study among preschool children in Greece suggest that though present among many, obesity bias does not differ by weight stature.
• A novel measure to assess self-discrimination in binge eating disorder and obesity.

Food

• The Food Issue of The Scientist.
• The plausible health benefits of nuts: associations, causal conclusions, and informed decisions.
• RCT: Pistachio Nut Consumption Cuts Insulin Resistance.
• RCT: Effects of 4-week coffee consumption on energy intake, satiety regulation, body fat, and DNA integrity.
• Genetic associations with micronutrient levels identified in immune and gastrointestinal networks.

Circadian Clock

• Circadian clock control of endocrine factors.
• Effect of restricted feeding on nocturnality and daily leptin rhythms in OVLT in aged male Wistar rats.
• Circadian redox and metabolic oscillations in mammalian systems.

Evolution, Energetics and Ecology

• Diet induced obesity in Apodemus chevrieri (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae).
• Koalas use tree-hugging to keep cool.
• Differences in basal metabolic rates, heart masses, and hematocrits of bats, terrestrial mammals, and birds.
• Genome-wide analysis of cold adaptation in indigenous Siberian populations.
• Ecological and scaling analysis of the energy expenditure of rest, activity, flight, and evaporative water loss in passeriformes and non-passeriformes in relation to seasonal migrations and to the occupation of boreal stations in high and moderate latitudes.
• Evolutionary predictors of mammalian home range size: body mass, diet and the environment.
• Maternal Food Restriction During Lactation Affects Body Weight and Sexual Behavior of Male Offspring in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).
• Diet and body temperature in mammals and birds.
• FlyMAD: rapid thermogenetic control of neuronal activity in freely walking Drosophila.
• A global analysis of polyandry in nature.
• The Bioenergetic Health Index: a new concept in mitochondrial translational research.

Epidemiology

• The relationship between obesity and exposure to light at night: cross-sectional analyses of over 100,000 women.
• Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adult offspring cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but may represent confounding by other factors.
• The Role of time and the business cycle in fast-food purchasing behavior in the US.
• Obesity and muscle strength as long-term determinants [correlates] of all-cause mortality—a 33-year follow-up of the Mini-Finland Health Examination Survey.
• Study estimates the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults from 1980 to 2013.
• Metabolic syndrome, c-reactive protein, and mortality in U.S. Blacks and Whites.
• Parental marital status and childhood obesity: findings suggest that general and abdominal obesities were more prevalent among children of divorced parents.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

• Analysis of the fructose content of SSBs.
• Study findings suggest that implementation of Philadelphia's SSB Reduction Media Campaign is associated with local news media's shift of individual-level focus to systematic-level (e.g., food companies) focus regarding obesity-related news stories.
• Use of evidence mapping to evaluate design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis: example of SSBs.

Exercise

• Study findings suggest that increased body mass leads to increased biomechanical loading of the joints and could be a factor linking obesity to osteoarthritis.
• Prescribed physical activity intervention shows signs of moderate cost-effectiveness .
• RCT: Effect of high and low intensity aerobic exercise on the body Fat of overweight young men.
• "You can’t walk or bike yourself out of the health effects of poverty".

Body Composition

• Establishing reference values for body composition and anthropometric measurements in athletes.
• Brown adipose tissue (BAT) lipid content, a dynamic parameter potentially confounding measurements of BAT radiotracer targeting.

Psychology

• Study's results suggest that weight strain is associated with increased odds of binge drinking among adolescents.
• A time-lagged, actor-partner interdependence analysis of alliance to the group as a whole and group member outcome in overweight and obesity treatment groups.

Policy Related

• Study findings suggest differences in consumer responses to front-of-package nutrition labels by education status.
• ‘We’ve Got Some Underground Business Selling Junk Food’: Qualitative Evidence of the Unintended Effects of English School Food Policies.
• A proposed approach to monitor private-sector policies and practices related to food environments, obesity and non-communicable disease prevention.
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development releases report of obesity trends and correlations of obesity with the global economy.
• Qualitative evidence regarding the unintended consequences of food policies in schools: youth and the confectionery black market.
• RCT: The impact of nutritional labels and socioeconomic status on energy intake.

Methods

• Measuring and predicting total energy expenditure among highly active humans: comparing the Allocation Model to the Factorial Method.
• Long-term cortisol levels measured in scalp hair of obese patients.

General Science

• Study findings suggest higher diabetes risk among individuals taking high-potency statin treatment.
• Computational science: shifting the focus from tools to models.
• New forms of checks and balances are needed to improve research integrity.
• Ancient Lyme disease bacteria found in 15-million-year-old tick fossils.
• Study findings suggest that the inactivation and reactivation of memory can be engineered in mice through cellular mechanisms such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression.

Videos on Food and the Brain

• Dr. Berridge discusses current perspectives, controversies and misunderstandings of terminology, methodology, and applications.
• Dr. Avena talks about quality of evidence regarding food addiction.
• Dr. Alonso discusses the benefits and limitations of current neuroimaging methods in the study of food reward and control of food intake.
• Dr. Hisham Ziauddeen discusses How convincing is the addiction model?
• Dr. Allison talks about essential questions to address when testing hypotheses regarding 'food and the brain'.

Commentary

• Review: Overlap of food addiction and substance use disorders definitions: Analysis of animal and human studies.
• Can non-nutritive sweeteners enhance outcomes of weight loss interventions?
• David Katz on Diet Soda Study.
• K M Venkat Narayan: Letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi—please make the nation’s health an urgent priority.
• Three marks of a turn against fat shaming.
• Aging and Longevity between Genetic Background and Lifestyle Intervention.
• Medical student expresses his opinion on the quality of nutrition training in medical education.
• Scholars respond to medical student's comments and attempt to answer why nutrition is inadequately addressed in medical education.

Announcement

• 2nd annual International Weight Stigma Conference (Canterbury, UK): June 24, 2014.
• Center for Obesity Reversal Becomes Research Center at Georgia State.
• Book Review: 'The Big Fat Surprise' by Nina Teicholz.
• UAB set to add faculty, boost R&D spinoffs, add departments in ambitious growth strategy.

Featured

• New test measuring cell bioenergetic health could become key tool in personalized medicine.
• RCT: These results show that water is not superior to non-nutritive sweetened beverages for weight loss during a comprehensive behavioral weight loss program.
• RCTs: Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity affects subsequent food intake.
• RCT: Sex differences (in a secondary analysis) in the apparent effects of opportunity to choose diet approach on weight loss.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• Three restaurant menu labeling treatments did not prove to be significant in guiding consumers to choose the healthy food items.
• Two “field experiments, despite using different experimental designs, reached the same conclusion: the numeric calorie label [on restaurant menus] had no significant effect on total caloric intake.”
• RCT: No significant effect of an inpatient weight loss intervention with postdischarge follow-up results in weight loss at 6 months when compared to control.
• No association between obesity and post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage.
• Double deletion of orexigenic neuropeptide Y and dynorphin results in paradoxical obesity in mice.
• Low-income women derived fewer financial and nutritional benefits from implemented food subsidies and taxes than medium-income women.
• Medium and high intakes of confectionery were associated with smaller BMI z-scores and decreased risk of being overweight.
• Obesity was associated with a decreased postoperative recurrence of rectal cancer in a Japanese population.

Basic Science

• Programming of metabolic effects in C57BL/6JxFVB mice by exposure to bisphenol A during gestation and lactation.
• Mitophagy mechanisms and role in human diseases.
• Induced Ablation of Ghrelin Cells in Adult Mice Does Not Decrease Food Intake, Body Weight, or Response to High-Fat Diet.
• Hipk2—an essential regulator of adipoctye differentiation.
• Histone acetylation modulates uncoupling protein1 expression in brown adipocytes.
• Maternal Food Restriction During Lactation Affects Body Weight and Sexual Behavior of Male Offspring in Meadow Voles.
• G×G×E for Lifespan in Drosophila: Mitochondrial, Nuclear, and Dietary Interactions that Modify Longevity.
• Role of the Primate Ventral Tegmental Area in Reinforcement and Motivation.

Gut Microbiota

• Individuals' diet diversity influences gut microbial diversity in two freshwater fish (threespine stickleback and Eurasian perch).
• High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model.

Clinical

• A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger.
• RCT: Adding Evidence-Based Behavioral Weight Loss Strategies to a Statewide Wellness Campaign.
• RCT: Eating two larger meals a day (breakfast and lunch) is more effective than six smaller meals in a reduced-energy regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comprehensive Behavioral Family Lifestyle Interventions Addressing Pediatric Obesity.
• Five-Year Outcomes of Gastric Bypass for Super-Super-Obesity (BMI >=60kg/m²): A Case Matched Study.

Drugs

• Methods of using AMPD2 inhibitors for the treatment of fatty liver, obesity and diabetes.
• Downregulation of RelA (p65) by Rapamycin Inhibits Murine Adipocyte Differentiation and Reduces Fat Mass of C57BL/6J Mice despite High Fat Diet.
• Food consumption and weight gain after cessation of chronic amphetamine administration.
• Obesity medications reduce total body weight by 3–9% compared with placebo, when combined with lifestyle changes.
• Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.

Evolution, Energetics & Ecology 

• Trait Evolution in Anseriformes: Is Evolution of Body Mass, Diet, Locomotory Behavior, and Diet Activity Pattern Correlated?
• One Solution for Two Challenges: The Lizard Microlophus atacamensis Avoids Overheating by Foraging in Intertidal Shores.
• Energy Expenditure of Hunter-Gatherers: When Statistics Turns to be Unreliable.
• New test measuring cell bioenergetic health could become key tool in personalized medicine.
• Quantitative trait loci for energy balance traits in an advanced intercross line derived from mice divergently selected for heat loss.

Epidemiology

• Conditional health-related benefits of higher education: An assessment of compensatory versus accumulative mechanisms.
• Maternal overweight and obesity and risks of severe birth-asphyxia-related complications in term infants: a population-based cohort study in Sweden.
• Declines in Coronary Heart Disease Incidence and Mortality among Middle-Aged Adults with and without Diabetes.

Mortality

• Mortality risk associated with underweight: A census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up.
• Lifestyle risk factors and residual life expectancy at age 40: A German cohort study.

Exercise

• Effects of exercise training using resistance bands on glycaemic control and strength in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
• Impact of Physical Activity Interventions on Anthropometric Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Prevention of Major Mobility Disability in Older Adults.
• American teen fitness declining?
• Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels Among U.S. Youth Aged 12–15 Years: United States, 1999–2004 and 2012.

Food

• RCT: Effect of two dietary fibers on satiety and glycemic outcomes.
• Tailoring compensation effects of health-unrelated food properties.
• Impaired oral fatty acid chemoreception is associated with acute excess energy consumption.
• Effect of glycemic load on eating behavior self-efficacy during weight loss.

Schools

• Should Schools Send “Fat Letters” Home?
• Do school-based physical activity interventions increase or reduce inequalities in health?

Methods

• Concurrent and convergent validity of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire and behavioral paradigm in overweight children.
• Video: Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos.
• Measurement Method Bias in Games for Health Research.
• Assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure: an overview of objective measures.

Simulation

• Development of microsimulation models that address three features of complexity at the level of individual food and physical activity behaviours.
• Systems Science: A Tool for Understanding Obesity.

Policy Related and Ethics

• Is there a moral obligation to conceive children under the best possible conditions: A preliminary framework for identifying the preconception responsibilities of potential parents with parental obesity as an example.
• TOS Comment on the FDA Proposed Rule, Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels.

Commentary

• Everything You 'Know' About Obesity Is Wrong.
• Beware These 3 Nutrition Dogmas.
• A divergent interpretation of Look AHEAD results.
• Eight Mistaken Answers to Obesity.
• Diet lures and diet lies.
• Gluten: Friend or Foe?
• Science and Superstition of Sweeteners.

Economics

• The direct and indirect costs of both overweight and obesity: A systematic review.
• Obesity and economic environments.
• Poor Economy Has Fueled Rising Obesity Rates.
• Understanding the Effect of Obesity on Male and Female Labor Outcomes.
• Socioeconomic gradients in BMI in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility.

Stigma

• Weighty Decisions: Weight Bias in the Selection and Election of U.S. Senate Candidates?
• Children’s Attitudes and Stereotype Content Toward Thin, Average-Weight, and Overweight Peers.
• An Intervention to Reduce Fat Stigma in American College Students.

Sugars

• Letter: Incomplete consumption data overstate the importance of fructose in contemporary disease.
• RCT: 100 g sucrose, but not 50 g glucose, optimized attention and information processing speed in the short term in this study in elderly people with subjective, mild memory complaints.
• Combining Theory and Experiments to Understand Sugar Regulation in Bacteria.

General Science

• Instrumental variable methods for causal inference.
• Interpreting academic studies.
• Models of science-policy interaction: Exploring approaches to Bisphenol A management in the EU.
• Wikipedia vs Peer-Reviewed Medical Literature for Information About the 10 Most Costly Medical Conditions.
• Developmental Origins of Pregnancy Loss in the Adult Female Common Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix jacchus).
• Comparative biology: Naked (mole rat) ambition.
• Defining the toxicology of aging.
• Depressed mice have excitable neurons.

Video/Audio

• Edward Archer: Tendency toward pseudoscience in nutrition data gathering.

Announcements

• Weight Watchers Karen Miller-Kovach Research Grant.
• University of Georgia Obesity, Imaging and Musculoskeletal Health Conference.