Obesity and Energetics Offerings

Featured

• Exercising for food: bringing the laboratory closer to nature.
• More rigorous methods called for in evaluating the health impacts of food and beverage taxes.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• In this sample, EDF [energy density of foods] and EDF&B [energy density of foods and beverages] were not associated with BMI z-score.
• We found no relationship between maternal fruit and vegetable intake and gestational weight gain.
• “In both adjusted and adjusted [sic] regressions, we did not find any statistically significant effect of breastfeeding on reducing the risk of obesity.”
• Meta-analysis: In contrast to the purported ‘Freshman 15’, the increase in weight and %FAT during the college years is equal to 1.55 kg and 1.17%, respectively.
• RCT: Lifestyle interventions in obese and overweight pregnant women do not reduce the risk of large-for-gestational age babies.
• RCT: No effect of a portion-controlled, commercially available diet on presurgical weight loss and metabolic outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
• Three months of high-fructose feeding fails to induce excessive weight gain or leptin resistance in mice.

Myostatin

• Does myostatin induce insulin resistance?
• Increasing muscle mass by deletion of myostatin improves metabolic and vascular function in obese (db/db) Mice.
• Regulation of insulin resistance by myostatin.

Clinical

• Association between fat-mass-and-obesity-associated (FTO) gene and hip fracture susceptibility.
• Challenges with the medicare obesity benefit: practical concerns & proposed solutions.
• Genetic vulnerability to diabetes and obesity: Does education offset the risk?
• Leptin deficiency in maltreated children.
• Metabolic effects of the biggest loser.
• Obesity, early puberty and why we should be concerned.
• Overweight preschoolers headed for cardiometabolic problems.
• Predicting visceral obesity based on facial characteristics.
• Trends in mean waist circumference and abdominal obesity among US adults, 1999-2012.

Food

• Dietary stearic acid leads to a reduction of visceral adipose tissue in athymic nude mice.
• Diets higher in protein predict lower high blood pressure risk in Framingham Offspring Study Adults.
• Is butter really back? Clarifying the facts on fat.
• Luxembourg paradox: full-fat dairy products are inversely associated with obesity prevalence.
• More fruit, less fruit juice.
• RCT: A low glycaemic load breakfast can attenuate cognitive impairments observed in middle aged obese females with impaired glucose tolerance.
• RCT: Effects of a normal protein vs. high protein breakfast on food cravings and reward signals in overweight/obese “breakfast skipping”, late-adolescent girls.
• When yogurt affects the brain.

Exercise

• RCT: Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents.
• RCT: Recommending self-paced exercise among overweight and obese adults.
• RCT: Whole-body vibration training decreases ankle systolic blood pressure and leg arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women with high blood pressure.

Methods

• Bias in calculation of attributable fractions using relative risks from nonsmokers only.
• Characterization of obesity in murine skin in vivo by CARS and SHG microscopy using a cost efficient, fiber laser based wavelength extension unit.
• Effects of obesity on occupant responses in frontal crashes: a simulation analysis using human body models.
• Fully automated segmentation and quantification of abdominal adipose tissue compartments in mouse MRI.
• Zebrafish as animal model for aquaculture nutrition research.

Policy Related

• Bicycling policy indirectly associated with Overweight/Obesity.
• Distance to store, food prices, and obesity in urban food deserts.
• Limit TV to help fight obesity.

Economics

• A note on a weighty issue: the dynamic effect of body weight on earnings and satisfaction in Germany.
• Essays on the effects of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program on adult obesity.
• How well do micro-economic factors explain obesity rates? Assessing the influence of income and cost of diet on dietary intake and body mass index in a representative UK sample.
• Impatience, Incentives and Obesity.
• Self-regulation and Health.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Ancient famine-fighting genes can't explain obesity.
• Automated tracking of wild hummingbird mass and energetics over multiple time scales using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
• Biparental incubation-scheduling: no experimental evidence for major energetic constraints.
• Predator chemical cues increase growth and alter development in nauplii of a marine copepod.
• The ecology and energetics of hunter-gatherer residential mobility.
• Trade-off of ovarian lipids and total body lipids for fecundity and starvation resistance in tropical populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

Epidemiology

• AD-36: parent or friend of obesity?
• Built environment and risk of obesity in the United States: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.
• Estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease using an obese-years metric.
• Accumulation of childhood poverty on young adult overweight or obese status: race/ethnicity and gender disparities.

Temperature

• Contrasting effects of cold acclimation versus obesogenic diets on chemerin gene expression in brown and brite adipose tissues.
• Distinct networks of leptin-and insulin-sensing neurons regulate thermogenic responses to nutritional and cold challenges.
• In vivo T2 -based MR thermometry in adipose tissue layers for high-intensity focused ultrasound near-field monitoring.

Surgery

• RCT: Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Weight Management on diabetes remission in Type 2 diabetic patients who do nOt meet NIH criteria for surgery and the role of soluble RAGE as a novel biomarker of success.
• Updates on gastric electrical stimulation to treat obesity: Systematic review and future perspectives.
• The effects of gastrointestinal surgery on gut microbiota: potential contribution to improved insulin sensitivity.

Stigma

• Findings suggest that experiencing obesity is a multidimensional process which, for some groups, is associated with qualitatively better relationship outcomes, while for others, the effects or null or negative.
• Perceived weight discrimination and changes in weight, waist circumference, and weight status.
• Testing a Self-Stereotyping and Psychological Resource Model of overweight and obesity.
• Stigmatisation as a public health tool against obesity--a health and human rights perspective.

Psychology

• Leanwashing: A Hidden Factor in the Obesity Crisis.
• Binge Eating in Veterans.
• Can merely learning about obesity genes affect eating behavior?
• Mood, food, and obesity.
• Neuroendocrine mechanisms that connect feeding behavior and stress.
• The influence of a defendant's body weight on perceptions of guilt.

Neuroscience

• Neurocognition: The Food–Brain Connection.
• The contribution of hypothalamic macroglia to the regulation of energy homeostasis.
• The mind and the belly: a glance at how the nervous system directs metabolism.
• The role of the lateral hypothalamus in ingestive behavior: A model for the translation of past experience and sensed deficits into motivated behaviors.

Drugs

• A False Choice: drugs vs surgery for obesity.
• Better diabetes outcomes seen with insulin plus GLP-1.
• RCT: The STRIDE Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention for Individuals Taking Antipsychotic Medications.
• RCT: Twice daily Remogliflozin Etabonate for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes demonstrates weight loss.

Basic Science

• Diet and exercise orthogonally alter the gut microbiome and reveal independent associations with anxiety and cognition.
• F1000 Recommendation: Stress-induced behavioral and metabolic adaptations lead to an obesity-prone phenotype in ewes with elevated cortisol responses.
• Leptin and aging: Review and questions with particular emphasis on its role in the central regulation of energy balance.
• Refinement of the critical 2p25.3 deletion region: the role of MYT1L in intellectual disability and obesity.

General Science

• ‘Avatar’ mice help develop new cancer treatments.
• Engineering a better food bank.
• Epigenetic regulation by selected dietary phytochemicals in cancer chemoprevention.
• Gene expression responses of threespine stickleback to salinity: implications for salt-sensitive hypertension.
• How our botched understanding of 'science' ruins everything.
• Imagination: Our greatest skill.
• Is your body mostly microbes? Actually, we have no idea.
• NIH in bold move to fight gender bias in research.
• Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of school-aged children and youth with autism spectrum disorders.
• Scientists are not trusted by Americans - here's why.
• Why genes extending lifespan in model organisms have not been consistently associated with human longevity and what it means to translation research.

Commentary

• Don't believe what Dr Oz is saying about an agricultural herbicide.
• Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease.
• F1000 Recommendation: Energy balance at a crossroads: translating the science into action.
• Innovation caused the obesity epidemic- Will it also reverse it?

Announcements

• 2nd World Congress on Targeting Microbiota which will be held at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France on October 16-17, 2014.
• 9th Annual Cardiometabolic Health Congress - October 22-25, Boston, MA.
• Defining Healthy Aging: From Science to Practice, the Link to Diet and Nutrition Washington, DC 11/5/2014 - 11/5/2014.
• Dr Tracey Burrows receives the Scopus Medicine and Medicinal Sciences award for her work into child obesity, diet and food addiction.
• Jeffrey I. Gordon, MD, has won the 2014 Dickson Prize in Medicine.
• Newcastle Uni academics awarded for work on children's health.
• Slim by Design: Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life - book by Brian Wansink.
• UAB Assistant Professor Awarded RWJF Obesity-Related Grant through New Connections Program.
• Zülch prize awarded to Professor Sir Stephen O'Rahilly.

Featured

• Pervasive bias: An obstacle to obesity solutions.
• Flavor without the Calories: Scientists Create a Digital Taste Simulator.
• Tongue fat and its relationship to obstructive sleep apnea.
• Unscientific beliefs about scientific topics in nutrition.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: No apparent effect of a health psychology-led bariatric rehabilitation service on patient weight loss following bariatric surgery at 1 year.
• Ectopic lipid storage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not mediated by impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.
• RCT: No significant effect of dietary self-monitoring with use of smartphone app technology on 8-week weight loss.
• RCT: No apparent effect of CLA isomers on adiposity.
• RCT: Mean body weight, BMI and waist circumference did not change during the coffee consumption phase in either of the study groups.
• Disrupted clocks make us fat: it ain't necessarily so.
• RCT: Refundable Tax Credits Appear Ineffective in Increasing Low-Income Children's After-School Physical Activity Level.
• RCT: Magnesium Replacement Does Not Improve Insulin Resistance in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.
• “It was expected that the overweight job applicant would experience greater weight bias and receive lower ratings in comparison to the thin applicant, however, an analysis of the results revealed no such support for this hypothesis.”
• Diabetes after hypertension doesn't increase mortality risk: "Obesity itself is a risk factor, so why doesn't new-onset diabetes increase the risk of mortality?"

Sweeteners

• Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota in mice.
• Calorie Control Council comments on “Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.”
• Other scientists give their input about “Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota.”
• People who lost and maintained weight loss reported using Low Cal or Sugar Free Drinks – co-occurrence, but neither causation nor association has been shown.

Clinical

• More evidence, particularly from longer-term trials, is necessary to demonstrate that eHealth intervention approaches can produce clinically meaningful weight loss among racial/ethnic minority populations.
• RCT: Increased physical activity attenuates the deleterious effects on glycemic control caused by a high-fructose diet.
• RCT: Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes listed as 'Near Top Tier' evidence Supported.
• RCT: Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibition on insulin resistance in obese individuals.
• Elevated circulating TNF-a in fat-free mass non-responders compared to responders following exercise training in older women.
• RCT: The evaluation of the impact of a stand-biased desk on energy expenditure and physical activity for elementary school students.
• Impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention on use and cost of medical services among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes: the action for health in diabetes.
• RCT: Study's findings among military veterans suggest that a weight management intervention using approaches centered on "small-changes" produces greater weight loss compared to usual care.

Food

• Supplementing oligofructose over eight weeks significantly reduced hunger and increase PYY secretion in overweight volunteers, yet produced no suppression on energy intake or body weight.
• Associating a prototypical forbidden food item with guilt or celebration: Relationships with indicators of (un)healthy eating and the moderating role of stress and depressive symptoms.
• A review of the cardiometabolic consequences of replacing saturated fats with carbohydrates or W-6 polyunsaturated fats: Do the dietary guidelines have it wrong? 

Food and Beverage Industry

• The Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation pledge: calories purchased by US households with children.
• The Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation pledge: calories sold from US consumer packaged goods.
• Obesity Society applauds food and beverage industry's efforts to reduce energy density in foods.

Caloric Restriction

• Caloric restriction mimetics: towards a molecular definition.
• Benefits of caloric restriction in the myenteric neuronal plasticity in aging rats.

Exercise

• Walking energetics, fatigability, and fatigue in older adults: The study of energy and aging pilot.
• Using response-time latencies to measure athletes' doping attitudes: the brief implicit attitude test identifies substance abuse in bodybuilders.
• How much neighborhood parks contribute to local residents' physical activity in the City of Los Angeles: A meta-analysis.
• Smart applications to track and record physical activity: implications for obesity treatment.
• Exposure to indoor air pollutants during physical activity in fitness centers.
• Physical activity trajectories during daily middle school physical education.
• Weight loss and bone mineral density.
• Findings suggest that increased levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with decreased volume of white matter lesions among previously low-fit older adults.

Methods

• A convenient photo-based approach for assessing body posture.
• Measurement of body composition in response to a short period of overfeeding.
• You are what you eat, or are you? The challenges of translating high-fat-fed rodents to human obesity and diabetes.
• Behavioural nutrition and big data: How geodata, register data and GPS, mobile positioning, wi-fi, bluetooth & thermal cameras can contribute to the study of human food behaviour.
• Assessing statistical competencies in clinical and translational science education: One size does not fit all.
• Publication bias is underreported in systematic reviews published in high-impact-factor journals: metaepidemiologic study.
• Importance of data integrity.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• The relative importance of number, duration, and intensity of cold stress events in determining survival and energetics of an overwintering insect.
• Effects of Dietary Energy Restriction on the Hunting Behavior and Home-Range Size of Free-Ranging Domestic Cats.
• Diet specialization in an extreme omnivore: nutritional regulation in glucose-averse German cockroaches.
• A systematic analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters in the human microbiome reveals a common family of antibiotics.
• F1000 Recommendation: The evolution of aging and age-related physical decline in mice selectively bred for high voluntary exercise.
• F1000 Recommendation: How stable 'should' epigenetic modifications be? Insights from adaptive plasticity and bet hedging.

Epidemiology

• Modification of genetic influences on adiposity between 36 and 63 years of age by physical activity and smoking in the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study.
• Trends in Mean Waist Circumference and Abdominal Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2012.
• BMI and age at natural menopause: a meta-analysis.
• Study findings conclude that gender and SES act synergistically over the life course to shape reciprocal chains of two disadvantages statuses, heavier body mass and lower SES.
• Cross-sectional findings among mothers and their children suggest that children frequently underestimate their mother's weight and mothers often underestimate their child's weight.
• Study's finding suggest that high-fat dairy consumption is associated with decreased type 2 diabetes risk.
• Air pollution and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
• Study findings among patients that underwent bariatric surgery supports the concept of a weight threshold paradigm.
• NHANES evidence suggest that abdominal obesity is increasing.
• F1000 Recommendation: Using small-area analysis to estimate county-level racial disparities in obesity demonstrating the necessity of targeted interventions.

Surgery

• A review of the opportunities and challenges of bariatric surgery among obese adolescents.
• When mood worsens after gastric bypass surgery: characterization of bariatric patients with increases in depressive symptoms following surgery.

Stigma

• Police officers were increasingly likely to make an arrest or issue a summons as BMI increased (i.e., as obesity rose) among people suspected of purity crimes (e.g., prostitution) but not of other crimes (e.g., burglary).
• The weight of discrimination: The relationship between heterosexist discrimination and obesity among lesbian women.

Psychology

• Food-related attentional bias: Word versus pictorial stimuli and the importance of stimuli calorific value in the dot probe task.
• Towards a behavioral vaccine: Exposure to accessible temptation when self-regulation is endorsed enhances future resistance to similar temptations in children.
• Curbing craving: Behavioral and brain evidence that children regulate craving when instructed to do so but have higher baseline craving than adults.

Drugs

• "Selling obesity drugs to Americans, it turns out, is difficult enough that drugmakers are willing to give them away."
• Favoring innovation in obesity: implications of the drug, liraglutide.

Longevity

• Nutrient control of Drosophila longevity.
• Social life histories: jackdaw dominance increases with age, terminally declines and shortens lifespan.

Basic Science

• Bitter fruit bears protein that can act like insulin.
• Characterization of a shortened model of diet alternation in female rats: effects of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant on food intake and anxiety-like behavior.
• Late gestation under- and overnutrition have differential impacts when combined with a postnatal obesogenic diet on glucose-lactate-insulin adaptations during metabolic challenges in adolescent sheep.
• A bittersweet investigation of availability and nutritive value as determinants of volitional sucrose consumption.
• Omega-3 fatty acids reduce obesity-induced tumor progression independent of GPR120 in a mouse model of postmenopausal breast cancer.
• F1000 Recommendation: Maternal tract factors contribute to paternal seminal fluid impact on metabolic phenotype in offspring mice.

General Science

• To Get More Out of Science, Show the Rejected Research.
• F1000 Recommendation: Alternative intrapopulation life-history strategies and their trade-offs in an African annual fish.
• The missing piece to changing the university culture.
• Current challenges facing biomedical scientists: too few university jobs for America's young scientists.
• Models of education in medicine, public health, and engineering.
• Device creates hydrogen fuel with a single burst of power.
• Lipid-lowering therapy in patients 75 years and older: clinical priority or superfluous therapy?
• Splice of life: a geneticist’s innovative approach to improving health.
• Study findings suggest that mice given human brain gene learn tasks faster.
• Robots have hard time choosing whom to save.

Commentary

• "To Prevent Obesity, Just Be Sure to Floss."
• Four ways bias blocks progress in obesity.
• Good intentions or good outcomes?
• "Obesity is the new smoking:" Chief executive of NHS England warns about obesity's rising costs.
• Insights and perspectives on dietary modifications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• The Historic Role of Boards of Health in Local Innovation - New York City’s Soda Portion Case.
• David Katz: salt in the wound.
• Obesity Due to SSRIs Is Not a Chronic Disease.
• F1000 Recommendation: Expert panel discusses translating energy balance science into action.

Announcements

• New report: spurring innovation in food and agriculture. A review of the USDA agriculture and food research initiative program (2014).
• Competition produces creative proposals to reduce obesity.
• 3rd international conference on Recent Advances and Controversies in Measuring Energy Metabolism.
• NUTRICON 2014 is dedicated to: Food Quality and Safety, Health and Nutrition - in Skopje, Macedonia, from 27th to 28th of November 2014.
• Swiss winter conference on ingestive behavior: February 28 - March 5, 2015.
• New York Academy of Medicine's 167th Anniversary Discourse and Awards: November 6, 2014.
• Weight Stigma Awareness Week 2014: September 22-26.
• PCORI wants your input on their peer review process and public release of research findings.
• "Hot Topic" Obesity and Pregnancy Conference: October 29-30, 2015.

Featured

• The "metabolic winter" hypothesis: a cause of the current epidemics of obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
• Capsule robot for obesity treatment with wireless powering and communication.

Headline vs. Study

• Headline: Dentists help in fight against obesity.
• Study: An ecological correlation between adult obesity rates and prevalence of dentists by county.
• Related: Spurious associations in oral epidemiological research: the case of dental flossing and obesity.
• Headline: Is your BRAIN making you fat? Obese people are hard-wired to want food when they smell cooking or see adverts, study claims.
• Study: Striatal dopamine D2-like receptor correlation patterns with human obesity and opportunistic eating behavior.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: Adoption of cardiovascular risk reduction guidelines has no significant effect on childhood BMI.
• “This study suggests that the impact of a [5% soda] tax had a homogeneous effect (and statistically insignificant) across different demographic groups”.
• In meta-analysis in children, physical activity interventions were not associated with reductions of BMI.
• Fat Thoughts and Fat Content Do Not Affect Eating Behavior in Women.

Surgery

• Blocking the Hunger Nerve.
• Robot-assisted prostatectomy in obese patients: how influential is obesity on operative outcomes?
• RCT: Impact of Extent of Antral Resection on Surgical Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy for Morbid Obesity.
• Morbidity, Mortality, and Weight Loss Outcomes After Reoperative Bariatric Surgery in the USA.
• Intestinal Bypass Surgery for Morbid Obesity: Long-Term Results.

Stigma

• Perceived weight discrimination and C-reactive protein.
• Do portrayals of women in action convey another ideal that women with little self-determination feel obligated to live up to? Viewing effects on body image evaluations and eating behaviors.
• Impact of non-physician health professionals' BMI on obesity care and beliefs.

Psychology

• The Influence of Friend Presence and Discussion on Young Adults’ Responses to Anti-sugary Drinks Television Ads.
• Diet and Exercise in Parenthood: A Social Control Perspective.
• “Eating addiction”, rather than “food addiction”, better captures addictive-like eating behavior.
• Eating is addictive but sugar, fat are not like drugs, study says.
• Food-related attentional bias. Word versus pictorial stimuli and the importance of stimuli calorific value.

Breast Feeding

• Breast vs. bottle feeding in rhesus monkeys.
• Obese women who breastfeed their children for at least four months are less likely to retain their pregnancy weight.

Computational

• The effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages across different income groups.
• Cost-effectiveness of health promotion targeting physical activity and healthy eating in mental health care.

Economics

• “This is the first study to demonstrate that social position rather than material conditions may explain the impact of money on human health.”.
• Shopping around? How households adjusted food spending over the Great Recession.
• The cost-effectiveness of weight management programmes in a postnatal population.

Obesogens

• Annual mean residential black carbon was associated with higher leptin levels.
• Effects of particulate matter air pollution in genetic type II diabetes mellitus.
• Food Choices, Novelty Consumption and Obesity: Evidence from the East German Transition to Capitalism.

Drugs

• Metformin Improves Aspects of NAFLD in Diet-Induced Obesity.
• Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Methyl-5-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione Derivatives for the Treatment of Diet-Induced Obesity.
• Combined ETA blockade and chlorthalidone treatment in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
• Aspirin as Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events.
• Contrave Gains Approval by FDA.

Exercise

• RCT: The Synergy Effect of Weight-Bearing Circuit Training and Aloe QDM Complex on Obese Middle Aged Women.
• The Effects of 12 Weeks Regular Aerobic Exercise on Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Factors in Juvenile Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
• A Review of Adolescent High-Intensity Interval Training.

Clinical

• The Ethics of Childhood Obesity Treatment.
• RCT: Effectiveness of Three Different Walking Prescription Durations on Total Physical Activity in Normal- and Overweight Women.
• Social Networking Strategies That Aim To Reduce Obesity Have Achieved Significant Although Modest Results.
• RCT: Effect of Reversible Intermittent Intra-abdominal Vagal Nerve Blockade on Morbid Obesity.
• Culturally appropriate health education for people in ethnic minority groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Long-term weight status in regainers after weight loss by lifestyle intervention: status and challenges.
• Assessment and Lifestyle Management of Patients With Obesity -Clinical Recommendations From Systematic Reviews.
• Experiential or behavioral processes: Which one is prominent in physical activity?

Epidemiology

• Seatbelt usage: is there an association with obesity?
• Adenovirus 36 Antibodies Associated With Clinical Diagnosis of Overweight/Obesity but Not BMI Gain: A Military Cohort Study.
• The Effects of Obesity and Age on Balance Recovery After Slipping.
• Association of Obesity in Early Adulthood and Middle Age With Incipient Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Structural Remodeling.
• Age and BMI but not salt associated with SBP after multiple adjustments.
• Associations Between Trends in Race/Ethnicity, Aging, and BMI With Diabetes Prevalence in the United States.
• The Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake During Infancy With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake at 6 Years of Age.

Mortality

• No Obesity Paradox—BMI Incapable of Adequately Capturing the Relation of Obesity with All-Cause Mortality: An Inception Diabetes Cohort Study.
• BMI and mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

• Using animal-borne cameras to study the foraging behaviour of large marine predators.
• Evaluating predictors of an individual’s dietary intake latent value under different mixed models.
• A comparison of confounding adjustment methods with an application to early life determinants of childhood obesity.
• Technical note: Alternatives to reduce adipose tissue sampling bias.
• An ex vivo model for evaluating bioenergetics in aortic rings.
• Reanalyses of Randomized Clinical Trial Data.
• Commentary on 'Reanalyses of Randomized Clinical Trial Data": Open Access to Clinical Trials Data.

Transgenerational Effects

• Pre-gestational maternal obesity impairs endocrine pancreas in male F1 and F2 progeny.
• Maternal Caloric Restriction prior to Pregnancy Increases the Body Weight of the Second-Generation Male Offspring and Shortens Their Longevity in Rats.

Food

• Nutritional and Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Markets.
• Alabama Sea Urchins Provide Gulf Seafood Delicacies Right Here at Home.
• A mid-morning snack of almonds generates satiety and appropriate adjustment of subsequent food intake in healthy women.
• Controversial Diet Author Gary Taubes Tackles Sugar's Negative Effects.
• The Role of Sweet Taste in Satiation and Satiety.
• Consumption of a highly palatable food induces a lasting place-conditioning memory in marmoset monkeys.
• Physiological Regulation of Short-term Food Intake in Children During Puberty.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Abundance, diversity, and feeding behavior of coral reef butterflyfishes at Lord Howe Island.
• Pacific walrus use of higher trophic level prey and the relation to sea ice extent, body condition, and trichinellosis.
• The Actively Foraging Desert Lizard Pedioplanis husabensis Behaviorally Optimizes its Energetic Economy.

Caloric Restriction

• AMPK Modulates Tissue and Organismal Aging in a Non-Cell-Autonomous Manner.
• Does SIRT-1 Mediate Calorie Restriction and Prolong Life?–A Mini Review.
• Calorie restriction and corticosterone elevation during lactation can each modulate adult male fear and anxiety-like behavior.

Brown Fat

• MiR-34a inhibits beige and brown fat formation in obesity in part by suppressing 2 adipocyte FGF21 signaling and SIRT1 function.
• Inducible brown adipocytes in subcutaneous inguinal white fat: the 2 role of continuous sympathetic stimulation.

Commentary

• F1000 Recommendation of Hawthorne effect with transient behavioral and biochemical changes in a randomized controlled sleep extension trial of chronically short-sleeping obese adults: implications for the design and interpretation of clinical studies.
• 3 Ways Much of Obesity Policy Is Like Human Sacrifice.
• Science On Diets Is Low In Essential Information.
• F1000 Recommendation: Racism, segregation, and risk of obesity in the Black Women's Health Study.
• What’s the Risk/Benefit of a Home-Cooked Dinner?
• It Ain't Necessarily So: Why Much of the Medical Literature Is Wrong.
• Why won’t the Nutrition Elite Treat us like Animals?
• Nutrient-Content Claims — Guidance or Cause for Confusion?

Basic Science

• Conditional knockout of the leptin receptor in the colonic epithelium revealed the local effects of leptin receptor signaling in the progression of colonic tumors in mice.
• Counterregulation of insulin by leptin as key component of autonomic regulation of body weight.
• The Thermogenic Effect of Leptin Is Dependent on a Distinct Population of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide Neurons in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus.
• Negative energy balance affects imprint stability in oocytes recovered from postpartum dairy cows.
• Acute mTOR inhibition induces insulin resistance and alters substrate utilization in vivo.
• 5-Caffeoylquinic Acid Decreases Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats by Modulating PPARα and LXRα Transcription.
• ​IL-37 protects against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.

General Science

• Do broccoli and green tea fight breast cancer?
• “The negative correlation between effect size and samples size, and the biased distribution of p values indicate pervasive publication bias in the entire field of psychology”.
• Erratum: "instruments for assessing risk of bias and other methodological criteria of animal studies: omission of well-established methods".
• Cancer may be a pathway to cell survival under persistent hypoxia and elevated ROS: A model for solid-cancer initiation and early development.
• U.S. Science Suffering From Booms And Busts In Funding.
• When Scientists Give Up.
• A “Present” for the Future The Unexpected Value of Rediscovery.

Video-Audio

• Nutrient Partitioning: It’s Not About the Food.
• Rob Waterland on NPR on NIH funding levels.

Announcements

• UAB Seeks Chair, Department of Computer and Information Sciences.
• Announcement of Data Release and Call for Participation 2014 i2b2/UTHealth Shared-Tasks and Workshop on Challenges in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data (including obesity).
• RWJF Releases The State of Obesity 2014.
• ILSI Europe investigates diet, aging, and brain function. Speaker presentations are online now.
• The Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins invites you to attend a Symposium on: The Social Network: A Systems Approach to Childhood Obesity.

Featured

• How Food Controls Aggression in Drosophila.
• The Academic Urban Legend of Spinach.
• Weight Loss Nudges: Market Test or Government Guess?

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• The Myth of Comfort Food - comfort foods do not provide comfort beyond that of other foods (or no food).
• “Overall, the results suggest that additional wealth may exacerbate rather than alleviate weight problems [among women].”
• “Surprisingly, oxytocin treatment of ob/ob mice was accompanied by a worsening of basal glycemia and glucose tolerance.”
• Among young adults “Consumption of fruit and vegetables, and physical activity, despite popular beliefs, were not associated with protection against weight gain.”
• RCT: School-Based Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities finds no effect on BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat, or physical activity.
• RCT: Water with Food Intake Does Not Influence Caloric Intake After Gastric Bypass.
• Neighbourhood obesogenicity was not associated with BMI in the overall sample.
• No Effect of Caloric Restriction or Exercise on Radiation Repair Capacity.
• Genetic risk scores associated with baseline lipoprotein subfraction concentrations do not associate with their responses to fenofibrate.

Low Carbohydrate Diets

• RCT: Low-carbohydrate diet more effective for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor reduction than a low-fat diet.
• Commentary: Point-by-point criticism of the methods and questions asked by the above RCT.
• Commentary: NYT's 'A call for a low-carb diet that embraces fat'.
• Commentary: Why Atkins-style high fat low carb diet wins for weight loss.
• Meta-analysis: 'Significant weight loss was observed with any low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet. Weight loss differences between individual named diets were small. This supports the practice of recommending any diet that a patient will adhere to in order to lose weight.'
• Long-Term Low Carbohydrate Diet Leads to Deleterious Metabolic Manifestations in Diabetic Mice.

Clinical

• September 3 issue of JAMA loaded with obesity papers.
• "Overweight/obese male partners of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients also lose weight during the first 9 months post-surgery."
• RCT: A community-based, culturally relevant intervention to promote healthy eating and physical activity among middle-aged African American women in rural Alabama.
• Cancer survivors' uptake and adherence in diet and exercise intervention trials: An integrative data analysis.
• RCT: Pregnant women randomized to conventional weight loss techniques (weekly group support meetings, advice about nutrition and diet and keeping food and exercise diaries) had lower gestational weight gain and lower prevalence of large-for-gestational-age newborns.

Food

• RCT: Isoflavone supplement composition and equol producer status affect gene expression in adipose tissue in postmenopausal women.
• RCT: Consumption of wholegrain rye products reduced subsequent ad libitum energy intake in young healthy men.
• RCT: Low glycaemic index foods are of less value in glycaemic control in the evening than the morning.

Exercise

• Area Of The Brain That Motivates Us To Exercise.
• RCT: Time-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Weight Loss.
• RCT: Impact of the Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Programme on depressive symptoms in overweight people with heart disease and diabetes.

Breakfast

• NPR talks to UAB's Emily Dhurandhar about breakfast and weight loss.
• Breakfast Skippers Vindicated…a bit.
• Why eating the right breakfast is so important - Skipping the morning meal could lead to overeating later in the day.
• Patricia Sheridan's Breakfast With...Gary Taubes.

Caloric Restriction

• Acute calorie restriction as a modulator of anxiety-like behavior.
• Caloric restriction can improve learning ability in C57/BL mice via regulation of the insulin-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
• Severe (50%) caloric restriction with or without estrogen deficiency (via ovariectomy) during the growth period in rats is equally detrimental to bone-related biomarkers and structural parameters.

Economics

• Cumulative effects [association] on weight due to an initial occupational choice as a blue collar worker.
• The Economic Causes and Consequences of Overweight and Obesity in the United States.
• “Accumulated years of morbid obesity (i.e. obesity associated with a body mass index above 40) has a large negative impact [association] on employment status.”

Mathematical

• Spatiotemporal modelling of physical activity for understanding function, disability and health.
• Prediction of blood sugar in people according to such inputs as age, simulation level, BMI, and diet by using of fuzzy control and Adaptive Nero-Fuzzy Inference System.

Brown Fat

• Variation in genes keyed to thermogeneis across modern and archaic humans suggest independent cold adaptations mechanisms might have developed in different non-African human groups.
• Brown, Beige, and White: The New Color Code of Fat and Its Pharmacological Implications.

Psychology

• Motives for eating tasty foods associated with binge-eating. Results from a student and a weight-loss seeking population.
• Prompting healthier eating: Testing the use of health and social norm based messages.
• Dysfunctional involvement of emotion and reward brain regions on social decision making in excess weight adolescents.
• The role of pre-treatment proactive coping skills in successful weight management.

TV

• RCT: Action-Related Television Content Increases Food Intake.
• A higher number of screens in a child's bedroom was associated with higher adiposity, more total screen time and lower sleep efficiency.

Surgery

• Bariatric surgery in elderly patients. A comparison between gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy with five years of follow up.
• Omentin changes following bariatric surgery and predictive links with biomarkers for risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Surgery Improves the Cavernosal Neuronal, Vasorelaxation, and Contraction Mechanisms for Erectile Dysfunction As Result of Amelioration of Glucose Homeostasis in a Diabetic Rat Model.
• Systematic review: 'Very few bariatric surgery studies report long-term results with sufficient patient follow-up to minimize biased results'.

Methods

• Lead author of major paper on self-reported food intake states “I agree that self-reported energy intakes should not be used for investigating associations between energy intake and health-related outcomes,” but indicates that they may be useful for other purposes.
• Breath acetone to monitor life style interventions in field conditions: An exploratory study.
• Systems Genetics Analysis of obesity in a Porcine Model using WISH Network Method.
• Using molecular genetic information to infer causality in observational data: Mendelian randomisation.
• Clinical Studies With Food Highlight Limitations of Nutrition Research.
• Response to Letter to the Editor: “Food Frequency questionnaire is an effective method for measuring micronutrient intake.”
• The impact of missing data in a longitudinal cohort study on the risks of colorectal cancer and mortality associated with change in body size.

Brains

• Pilot RCT: Individuals on a structured behavioral weight loss program had a change in brain activation on MRI towards low calorie vs high calorie foods at the end of a six month period; small sample sizes and other study limitations demand caution along with experimental follow-up.
• Metabolic costs and evolutionary implications of human brain development.

Epidemiology

• Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders associated with subsequent obesity.
• Obesity as a causal risk factor for deep venous thrombosis. A Mendelian randomisation study.
• Risks and Benefits of Green Spaces for Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, Asthma, and Allergy.
• Higher socieconomic status is associated with better dietary quality, as quantified by NHANES AHEI-2010 based on self-reported dietary recall.

Stigma

• At school entry, a high BMI is a risk factor associated with victimization and bullying perpetration, with obese children particularly likely to be victims and aggressors.
• Weight Stigma Mediates the Association Between BMI and Self-Reported Health.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Evolutionary Preferences for Physical Formidability in Leaders.
• Proxies of food intake and energy expenditure for estimating the time–energy budgets of lactating northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus.
• Dietary specializations and diversity in feeding ecology of the earliest stem mammals.

Scientific Integrity

• Publication bias in the social sciences: Unlocking the file drawer.
• Why null results rarely see the light of day (with summary of previous article in one chart).

Policy Related

• Consumers’ Valuation of Soft Drinks Labeled with Calorie and Sweetener Information: The Impact of Taste.
• From the Paralympics to Public Health: Increasing Physical Activity Through Legislative and Policy Initiatives.
• Authors writing about taxation effects on obesity follow their hearts rather than data.
• Policy Implications of a Literature Review of Bariatric Surgery in Older Adults.
• New Guidance for Heart and Obesity Risk Screening from USPSTF.
• Commentary: "Prevailing prices do not reflect the true societal costs of foods ... both negative health and economic consequences of poor nutrition could be mitigated by a national system of subsides and taxes to facilitate more sensible dietary choices."

Commentary

• David Katz: “Obesity on The Nile.”
• F1000 Commentary on “Dynamic model predicting overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity prevalence trends.”
• A Diet by Any Other Name Is Still About Energy.
• The nutrient density approach to healthy eating: challenges and opportunities.

Basic Science

• Acute mTOR inhibition induces insulin resistance and alters substrate utilization in vivo.
• Lower mitochondrial proton leak and decreased glutathione redox in primary muscle cells of obese diet-resistant vs. diet–sensitive humans.
• Muscle ectopic fat deposition contributes to anabolic resistance in obese sarcopenic old rats through eIF2? activation.
• Long-term inhibition of miR-21 leads to reduction of obesity in db/db mice.
• Adipocyte ALK7 links nutrient overload to catecholamine resistance in obesity.

General Science

• Parenting from before conception.
• Dogs: Scientist’s Best Friend.
• Adaptive Plasticity: Bichir fish raised in a terrestrial environment grow in ways that make them more successful walkers.
• Hard, harder, hardest: principal stratification, statistical identifiability, and the inherent difficulty of finding surrogate endpoints.
• Longitudinal network analysis: After a move, the microbial community in the new house rapidly converges to the microbial community of the occupants’ former house.
• Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: No evidence that testosterone supplementation increases risk for major adverse cardiovascular events, and a protective role of testosterone treatment was found in men with metabolic diseases.
• F1000 Commentary on "Creativity as a decision".
• F1000 Commentary on "An educational intervention designed to increase women's leadership self-efficacy."

Announcements

• Dr. Kishore Gadde Named New Director of Allen A. Copping In-Patient Research Unit.
• Dr. David Katz takes on the job of curating the childhood obesity domain for About.com.
• Dr. Wendy Demark-Wahnefried named chair-elect for Obesity Society section on cancer.
• Conference: “Impact of George Washington Carver: Innovations in Food and Nutrition Sciences in the 21st Century.” - October 30, 2014  |  9 am - 7 pm  |  Tuskegee University.
• Apply for a scholarship to 'Integrating Primary Care and Commercial Providers into Obesity Management' in London by Sept. 16.