Obesity and Energetics Offerings

Featured

• Assignment to Weight Loss Treatments Causes a 15% Reduction in All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs.
• Self-reported measures of sucrose intake and objective biomarkers yield opposite associations with BMI, again suggesting the invalidity of self-report dietary measures for obesity research.
• Self-reported vs. measured estimates of dietary sodium, potassium and protein yield different associations with general and abdominal obesity "suggesting that the ability of self-reported dietary information using the diet history questionnaire for investigating diet-obesity relationships is limited."

Headline vs Study

• Headline: Human skin cell to cure obesity, finds study.
• Study: Differentiation of hypothalamic-like neurons from human pluripotent stem cells to investigation the neurophysiology of body weight regulation and evaluation of therapeutic targets for obesity.

Contrary or Null Findings

• Fast-food curb in South LA did not cut obesity rates.
• Away-from-home eating among Brazilian adults was unrelated to obesity.
• RCT: No effect of a combined diet and physical activity intervention (the UPBEAT study) on physical activity in pregnant women.
• No Association of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain with Offspring Blood Pressure and Hypertension at Age 18 Years in Male Sibling-Pairs: A Prospective Register-Based Cohort Study.
• RCT: Resveratrol does not influence metabolic risk markers related to cardiovascular health in overweight and slightly obese subjects.

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• Apparent Statistical and Reporting Errors in "Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on impaired glucose tolerance: a pilot randomized study" (see comment in PubMed Commons).
• Of mice and women: News release dupes media on rodent fertility treatment.
• Implausible data, false memories, and the status quo in dietary assessment.
• Article: The National Caries Program was a missed opportunity to develop a scientific understanding of how to restrict sugar consumption to prevent tooth decay.
• Response: The National Caries Program was a missed opportunity to develop a scientific understanding of how to restrict sugar consumption to prevent tooth decay.

Clinical

• RCT: Exercise, but not vitamin D, reduces risk of injury given a fall among older women.
• Obesity is associated with a diurnal thermogenic handicap which could play a role in favoring weight gain by lowering whole-body energy expenditure.
• Higher fitness is associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes.
• RCT: Worksite multiple-component intervention addressing diet and physical activity successfully reduces BMI and obesity levels.
• RCT: Impact of physical activity on energy balance, food intake and choice in normal weight and obese children in the setting of acute social stress.
• Obesity and depression — Co-conspirators.

Surgery

• Altered Drug Disposition Following Bariatric Surgery: A Research Challenge.
• Bariatric Embolization of the Gastric Arteries for the Treatment of Obesity.
• Patients Lacking Sustainable Long-Term Weight Loss after Gastric Bypass Surgery Show Signs of Decreased Inhibitory Control of Prepotent Responses.
• Study identifies comorbidities tied to binge eating in bariatric-surgery candidates.

Pharmaceuticals

• New drug For Crohn's disease targets RNA.
• RCT: Effects of metformin on energy intake and satiety in obese children.
• Obesity and the Use of Antibiotics and Probiotics in Rats.
• RCT: Treatment of euglycemic, obese, middle-aged women with metformin 1700 mg per day reduced insulin resistance and weight compared with placebo.
• Final approval for Saxenda in Europe.

Food & Diet

• Is a paleo diet healthy?
• Obese Individuals Have Higher Preference and Sensitivity to Odor of Chocolate.
• Interaction of mealtime ad libitum beverage and food intake with meal advancement in healthy young men and women.
• Are low-salt diets necessary (or healthy) for most people?
• Woulda coulda shoulda prevented obesity.

Caloric Restriction

• Dietary Fat and Aging Modulate Apoptotic Signaling in Liver of Calorie-Restricted Mice.
• Rapamycin and Dietary Restriction Induce Metabolically Distinctive Changes in Mouse Liver.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• The Feasibility of Reducing Sitting Time in Overweight and Obese Older Adults.
• RCT: Attentional distraction via music has a positive effect on running distance on a field endurance test and on activity intensity during an exercise session in overweight and normal-weight boys.

Economics & Sociology

• Lottery winning and obesity risk. (pdf)
• The association between neighborhood economic hardship, the retail food environment, fast food intake, and obesity: findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin.
• Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood as a predictor of excessive gestational weight gain and obesity in midlife adulthood.

Epidemiology

• Neighborhood Disadvantage, Preconception Health Behaviors and Infant Birthweight: A Preliminary Study.
• The relationship between early life modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity, ethnicity and BMI at age 3 years: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study.

Psychology

• Treatment Beliefs and Preferences for Psychological Therapies for Weight Management.
• Prenatal Parental Separation and Body Weight, Including Development of Overweight and Obesity Later in Childhood.

Stigma

• France rejects ban on underweight models, cites discrimination.
• Weight Isn't Selling: The Insidious Effects of Weight Stigmatization in Retail Settings.
• A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites.

Policy

• U.S. doctors need support in adjusting to new payment models.
• Commentary: Socially Engineering Food Choices Doesn't Work.
• Nutrition facts as Food Contaminants - "we argue that these attempts to enforce healthy eating can be perceived by French consumers as something that is both foreign to their culture and symbolic of utilitarian values that are inconsistent with the Frenchness of food enjoyment." (pdf)
• Decision-making and Obesity Policy: Self-control, Mental Accounting, and Menu Labels.

Intergenerational Effects

• Maternal diabetes, gestational diabetes and the role of epigenetics in their long term effects on offspring.
• Sexual dimorphism in the effect of maternal obesity on placental mitochondrial function.

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• Predator cues have contrasting effects on lifespan of Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae).
• Intra-specific plasticity in parental investment in a long-lived single-prey loader.

Methods

• Automated Extraction of Food Intake Indicators from Continuous Meal Weight Measurements.
• A new method for assessing distribution of the adipose tissue using 3D body scanning technology. (pdf)
• The platform trial: An efficient strategy for evaluating multiple treatments.
• Researchers develop diabetes progression prediction tool.
• Working with parents to prevent childhood obesity: Protocol for a primary care-based eHealth study.

Mathematical

• Estimating prevalence of overweight or obese children and adolescents in small geographic areas using publicly available data to design effective interventions.
• Predicting successful long-term weight loss from short-term weight-loss outcomes.

Engineering

• Engineer studies how mechanical forces affect adipocytes.
• Change in knee contact force with simulated change in body weight.

Basic

• Johns Hopkins researchers identify 'missing culprit' in heart failure.
• Fueling Up Skeletal Muscle to Reduce Obesity: A TrkB Story.
• Sirt3 prevents maternal obesity-associated oxidative stress and meiotic defects in mouse oocytes.
• Photoperiod regulates lean mass accretion, but not adiposity, in growing f344 rats fed a high fat diet.
• New research on appetite-suppressing bacteria could help fight obesity.

Commentary

• Cancer risk and weight: Our body and "pathologies of space".
• Eat righteously.
• Denial, Doubt, and Prevailing Bias.
• The Health at Every Size Paradigm and Obesity: Missing Empirical Evidence May Help Push the Reframing Obesity Debate Forward.
• Breast Milk Becomes a Commodity, With Mothers Caught Up in Debate.
• The myth of high-protein diets.
• What doctors know about obesity.

General

• The effects of climate-induced elevated seawater temperature on the covering behavior, righting response, and Aristotle's lantern reflex of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus.
• Functional genomic analysis reveals overlapping and distinct features of chronologically long-lived yeast populations. (pdf)
• With new nonstick coating, the wait, and waste, is over.
• Vitamin D prevents diabetes and clogged arteries in mice.

Video & Audio

• Dr. Chip Lavie: The obesity paradox, why thinner can mean sicker.
• Enette Larson-Meyer: "Human Milk, Exercise and Honey: Exploring the Obesoprotective Effect of gut peptides."
• Bruce Yee: "A Systems Science Approach to the Obesity Epidemic and Prevention of Diabetes."

Announcements

• Three faculty positions are available in UAB’s Department of Nutrition Sciences.
• The Department of Biology at UAB seeks faculty applicants with research emphasis in aging biology.
• UAB Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Obesity Research.
• Short Course on Mathematical Sciences in Obesity Research, 6/22/2015 - Fri 6/26/2015 Birmingham AL.
• Your weight matters national convention: August 13-16, 2015
• 10th Congress of the International Society of Nutrigenetics and & Nutrigenomics: May 23-26, 2016.
• International Weight Stigma Conference: September 18-19, 2015.
• TOS partners with Nurse Practitioners to offer obesity treatment course: June 9-14, 2015
• Vital connections: Science, society and sustaining health concludes the sustaining health dialogue commissioned of Meteos by the Wellcome Trust.

Featured

• Self-reported physical activity and objective aerobic fitness: differential associations with gray matter density in healthy aging.
• Dual melanocortin-4 receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonism amplifies metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese mice.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: "a nutrigenetic-based diet did not increase weight loss compared with a standard balanced diet.”
• RCT: "The increase in energy expenditure promoted by a single session of Kinect AVG play is ...compensated for after the intervention, resulting in no measurable change in energy balance after 24h".
• RCT: Short-term food intake in children and adolescents is not differentially altered by an egg breakfast compared to a bagel breakfast.
• These findings challenge the robustness of OLS estimates of a positive relationship between marijuana use and fasting insulin, insulin resistance, BMI, and waist circumference.
• Overweight is not associated with cortical thickness alterations in children.
• RCT: Postprandial Lipid Responses do not Differ Following Consumption of Butter or Vegetable Oil when Consumed with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.

Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• Correction of Data Errors and Reanalysis of “The Effect of Glucomannan on Body Weight in Overweight or Obese Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.”
• Meta Confusion about Glucomannan.
• Bias in observational study designs: cross sectional studies.
• Implausible data, false memories, and the status quo in dietary assessment (updated link).
• Reply to E Archer and SN Blair (updated link).

Methods

• Our review shows that researchers have used instruments of unknown quality to test if the school environment is a determinant of childhood obesity, which raises broader questions about the impact that schools can play in obesity prevention.
• Integration of body temperature into the analysis of energy expenditure in the mouse.

Exercise

• RCT: “Exercise reduces urges for sugary snacks and attenuates urges in response to the stress situation and the cue in overweight people.”
• RCT: “Abdominal resistance training besides diet did not reduce abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness compared to diet alone in overweight or obese women.”
• The effects of acute and 2 hour post-physical activity on the estimation of body fat made by the Bod Pod.
• Association between Physical Activity and Teacher-Reported Academic Performance among Fifth-Graders in Shanghai: A Quantile Regression.
• BDNF and Substrate Utilization Following Acute Aerobic Exercise in Obese Individuals.
• Active video games and energy balance in male adolescents: a randomized crossover trial.
• Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Obesity in an International Sample of Children.
• Subjective and objective physical activity patterns after Roux-en Y gastric bypass surgery compared with non-operated obese and non-obese control women.

Food

• RCT: “Collectively, these findings indicate that acute natural cocoa consumption was associated with decreased obesity-related disease risk.”
• RCT: The Effects of Carbohydrate Amount and Type on Kidney Function in Healthy Adults: Results From the Omnicarb Trial.
• Energy drinks raise blood pressure for caffeine-naive: study.
• Cowboy Cravings: Fried Cookie Dough And Other Rodeo Calorie Bombs.
• Adult picky eating. Phenomenology, taste sensitivity, and psychological correlates.
• Viewers vs. Doers. The relationship between watching food television and BMI.
• Obese Individuals Have Higher Preference and Sensitivity to Odor of Chocolate.
• School Nutrition Program; Prevention of Obesity and Fatty Liver in Children.
• Getting my child to eat the right amount. Mothers' considerations when deciding how much food to offer their child at a meal.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Bat Species Warm 'Sleep' Upends Hibernation Concept.
• Mitochondria: Hubs of cellular signaling, energetics and redox balance. A rich, vibrant and diverse landscape of mitochondrial research.

Epidemiology

• Prevalence of Moderate to Severe Obesity Among U.S. Nursing Home Residents, 2000-2010.
• Mom, Homework Is Making Me Fat?
• A Study of the Relationship between Food Group Recommendations and Perceived Stress: Findings from Black Women in the Deep South (corrected link).
• Invited Commentary: The Virtual Epidemiologist—Promise and Peril.
• Body Weight Misperception in Adolescence and Incident Obesity in Young Adulthood.

Clinical

• Non-contact radiofrequency-induced reduction of subcutaneous abdominal fat correlates with initial cardiovascular autonomic balance and fat tissue hormones: safety analysis.
• Pilot Study Evaluating the Feasibility and Initial Outcomes of a Primary Care Weight Loss Intervention With Peer Coaches.
• Residency Training: A failed lumbar puncture is more about obesity than lack of ability.
• Effect of intragastric injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of obesity: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.
• Prediabetes Patients Have Fewer Gut Bugs.
• Moderate Hypoglycemia Impacts Language Processing.
• Understanding the Role of Maternal Diet on Kidney Development; an Opportunity to Improve Cardiovascular and Renal Health for Future Generations.
• Modest weight loss through a 12-week weight management program with behavioral modification seems to attenuate inflammatory responses in young obese Koreans.

Surgery

• Laparoscopic versus Open Obesity Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Pulmonary Complications.
• Increased Risk of Infection in Obese Adolescents After Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Drugs

• Trodusquemine causes lower weight in mice.
• Novo Nordisk's phase 3a SCALET obesity and pre-diabetes trial data shows obesity losing at least 5% with Saxenda.
• RCT: Effects of oxytocin nasal spray on obesity related variables in a single day.

Policy Related

• Government Overreach on Obesity Control.
• English obesity policies: To govern and not to govern.
• FDA Guidance for Industry: Nutrition Labeling of Standard Menu Items in Restaurants and Similar Retail Food Establishments; Small Entity Compliance Guide.
• Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: a systematic review of naturally occurring experiments.
• Regressive Effects Causes and Consequences of Selective Consumption Taxation.
• The role of parents in public views of strategies to address childhood obesity in the United States.
• AACE leads advocacy effort to pass improved diabetes care legislation.

Psychology

• Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend: food and diet as instigators of bizarre and disturbing dreams.
• Have Your Cake and Make Her Eat It Too: Sabotaging Others While Maintaining Moral Self-Integrity.
• Attentional biases for food cues in overweight and individuals with obesity: a systematic review of the literature.
• Nutrition labels influence value computation of food products in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Caloric Restriction

• Modulation of sphingolipid metabolism with calorie restriction enhances insulin action in skeletal muscle.
• Artemisinin mimics calorie restriction to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and compromise telomere shortening in mice.
• Caloric restriction mimetic 2-deoxyglucose alleviated lethal liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine in mice.
• Calorie restriction, endothelial function and blood pressure homeostasis.
• Effects of resistance training with and without caloric restriction on physical function and mobility in overweight and obese older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
• Blood cell transcriptomic-based early biomarkers of adverse programming effects of gestational calorie restriction and their reversibility by leptin supplementation.
• Caloric restriction and the adipokine leptin alter the SDF-1 signaling axis in bone marrow and in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.
• Metformin and caloric restriction induce an AMPK-dependent restoration of mitochondrial dysfunction in fibroblasts from Fibromyalgia patients.
• Calorie restriction inhibits ovarian follicle development and follicle loss through activating SIRT1 signaling in mice.

Mathematical

• A Simple Model for BMI Change in a Social Network.
• Modeling Social Norms and Social Influence in Obesity.

Stigma

• Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity.
• Women's experience of internalised weight stigma: results from a nationwide survey.
• Reducing obesity prejudice in medical education.
• The heavy weight of death: How anti-fat bias is affected by weight-based group membership and existential threat.

Asthma

• Weight loss improves asthma severity in obese patients.
• Asthma Health app harnesses the power of Apple’s iPhone.

Depression

• A Prospective Study of Fitness, Fatness, and Depressive Symptoms.
• Invited Commentary: Fitness and Fatness—Causes of Depression or of Misclassification?
• Becofsky et al. Respond to “Misclassifying Fitness and Depression”.
• Associations between Depressive Symptomatology, Diet, and BMI among Participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

Salt

• Salt May Be Bad for More Than Your Blood Pressure.
• Do TV Cooking Shows Make Us Fat?
• Uptake of Dietary Sodium Restriction by Overweight and Obese Patients After Cardiac Revascularization.

Intergenerational Effects

• Association between caesarean section and childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
• Offspring subcutaneous adipose markers are sensitive to the timing of maternal gestational weight gain.

Economics & Sociology

• Prospect theory and body mass: Characterizing psychological parameters for weight-related risk attitudes and weight-gain aversion.
• I fail to find any evidence of discrimination against obese employees, but I do find that among females the negative relationship between wages and obesity exists only among mothers.

Commentary

• A Cure for Pervasive Bias.
• A Cheese 'Product' Gains Kids' Nutrition Seal.
• Diet Sodas Not Doing Waistlines Any Favors.
• Top expert: C-sections are to blame for obesity epidemic 'because overweight babies who would once have died now survive”.
• Do We Need New Guidelines for “Levels of Obesity” and Weight Gain during Pregnancy?
• What You Should Know About Waist Training.

Basic Science

• Linkage and association analysis of obesity traits reveals novel loci and interactions with dietary n-3 fatty acids in an Alaska Native (Yup'ik) population.
• a-Glucosidase Inhibitor Isolated from Coffee.
• IOM Workshop Summary: Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior.
• Can Brown Fat Win the Battle against White Fat?
• Adiponectin as a target in obesity-related inflammatory state (corrected link).
• Ghrelin and obestatin in thyroid gland - immunohistochemical expression in nodular goiter, papillary and medullary cancer.
• Leptin in the hindbrain facilitates phosphorylation of STAT3 in the hypothalamus.
• Epigenetic signature of birth weight discordance in adult twins.

General Science

• Widely Used Antibiotics Affect Mitochondria.
• Why Do Many Reasonable People Doubt Science?
• Nina Fedoroff, Kevin Folta, GLP's Jon Entine push back on organic-led attack on biotech academic research.
• FDA and EPA Sign a Data Sharing Memorandum of Understanding.
• Barriers to Clinical Research Participation Among African Americans.
• Reporting of Noninferiority Trials in ClinicalTrials.gov and Corresponding Publications.
• The Loss of Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) during Normal Aging or from siRNA Knockdown Augments Human Alpha-Synuclein (a-syn) Toxicity to Rat Nigral Neurons.
• When ab != c - c': published errors in the reports of single-mediator models.
• Logical Obesity Solutions with Illogical Effects.
• War on Food Science: Part 1 - Weight Loss Quick Fixes.
• TV takes a toll on your child's health for life: Early habit could lead to lifetime as couch potato, warn experts.
• Funding, focus lacking for health care that gets results.
• Diet quality and BMI are associated with health care resource use in rural older adults.

Video

• Kenneth J. McLeod, “The Role of Heat Balance in body Mass Maintenance."
• Caroline Alexander, “Skin Insulation and Staying Warm."
• Energy Balance Explained.

Announcements

• UAB 3rd Annual Workshop on Metabolomics - Sunday, June 14th - Thursday June 18th, 2015.
• NIDDK establishes Office of Nutrition Research.
• Genetic Association Course With Application to Sequence and Genotype Data.
• NIDDK Programs and Emerging Opportunities for Digestive Diseases Research.
• Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions Conference.

Featured

• Both Food Restriction and High-Fat Diet during Gestation Induce Low Birth Weight and Altered Physical Activity in Adult Rat Offspring.
• Corn oil, but not cocaine, is a more effective reinforcer in obese than in lean Zucker rats.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• RCT: Long-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation Does Not Affect Fat Absorption, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition in Adults.
• RCT: Psychological support pre and post bariatric surgery had no impact on weight loss as measured by BMI and change in BMI by 1 year.
• RCT: A parent-based intervention found significant positive group effects for vegetable and snack food intake, and yet no effect on zBMI.
• RCT: Intranasal Nicotine Increases Postoperative Nausea and is Ineffective in Reducing Pain Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery in Tobacco-Naïve Females.
• Data from this study ...do not lend support to the consideration of obesity, as defined by BMI, as an addictive disorder.
• No Significant Associations between Road Traffic Noise and Obesity Markers in the Total Populations.
• RCT: Comparing effects of different physical activity programs in obese men and women.

Clinical

• Provider communication quality: Influence association of patients' weight and race.
• Association Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
• Intestinal Microbiome: Prediabetes Patients Have Fewer Gut Bugs.
• Infants' Gut Bacteria Linked to Food Sensitization.
• Mom's Age at Childbirth Tied to Son's Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.
• Reducing obesity prejudice in medical education.

Food

• RCT: Sugar-Sweetened Product Consumption Alters Glucose Homeostasis Compared with Dairy Product Consumption in Men and Women.
• RCT: Palmolein and olive oil consumed within a high protein test meal have similar effects on postprandial endothelial function in overweight and obese men.
• Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancers.
• Low-Fat Diet vs. Low-Carb Diet: Controlled Trial.
• Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Teens Decreased with Daily Nut Intake.

Drugs

• Fast Metabolism Drug Turns White Fat into Brown.
• RCT: Efficacy and Safety of Beloranib for Weight Loss in Obese Adults.
• Top FDA Official Says Orexigen Study Result 'Unreliable,' 'Misleading'.
• RCT: Taking cumin cyminum L. for eight weeks had similar effects of orlistat120 on weight and BMI.
• Increases in BMI following initiation of methadone treatment.
• Overview of Common Regimens Used for Initiating and Titrating Insulin in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Psychology

• Eating tasty food to cope. Longitudinal association with BMI.
• Characterization of attenuated food motivation in high-fat diet-induced obesity: Critical roles for time on diet and reinforcer familiarity.

Epidemiology

• Linkage and association analysis of obesity traits reveals novel loci and interactions with dietary n-3 fatty acids in an Alaska Native (Yup'ik) population.
• The impact [association] of weight classification on safety: timing steps to adapt to external constraints.
• A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of the Impact of BMI on Stroke and All-Cause Mortality in Stroke Patients: A Paradox Within A Paradox.
• The role of adenovirus 36 as a risk factor in obesity: The first clinical study made in the fatty tissues of adults in Turkey.

Scientific Rigor

• 'Exercise Hormone' Irisin Is More Myth Than Reality.
• An Open Science Peer Review Oath.

Exercise

• Muscle Fiber Type, Achilles Tendon Length, Potentiation, and Running Economy.
• RCT: Effects of exercise amount and intensity on abdominal obesity and glucose tolerance in obese adults.
• RCT: Linear and undulating periodized strength plus aerobic training promote similar benefits and improves insulin resistance.
• New Hormone Mimics Effects Of Exercise, Protects Against Obesity in Mice.

Surgery

• Inequity to the Utilization of Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Severely Obese Adolescents: The Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen- LABS) Study.
• RCT: Use of positive pressure in preoperative and intraoperative of bariatric surgery and its effect on the time of extubation.
• Surgical vs Nonsurgical Treatment of Adults With Displaced Fractures of the Proximal Humerus.
• A Michigan surgeon invented an apparatus that he believes tricks the brain into thinking the stomach is full.

Methods

• Double Sampling with Multiple Imputation to Answer Large Sample Meta-Research Questions.
• Differing Statistical Approaches Affect the Relation Between Egg Consumption, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults.
• Are common measures of dietary restraint and disinhibited eating reliable and valid in obese persons?
• Capturing exposures: using automated cameras to document environmental determinants of obesity.
• An Exploratory Study on a Chest-Worn Computer for Evaluation of Diet, Physical Activity and Lifestyle.
• Geoprocessing via Google Maps for Assessing Obesogenic Built Environments Related to Physical Activity.

Stigma

• Minty Fresh! Absolving Dieters of Their Consumption Sins.
• Perceptions of Sexual Assault Victims/Survivors: The Influence of Sexual History and Body Weight.
• Marriage and Family Therapy Trainees' Reports of Explicit Weight Bias.
• Influencing weight bias: The impact of biased questionnaire anchors on stereotype beliefs and judgments.

Aging

• Geroscience Needs Aging Biology Research.
• Food and Addiction Among the Ageing Population.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Arctic warming: nonlinear impacts of sea-ice and glacier melt on seabird foraging.
• Energetics, scaling and sexual size dimorphism of spiders.
• Dominance, energetics and stress in female capuchins in Costa Rica.

Policy Related

• New School Meal Regulations [were associated with Increased Fruit Consumption and Do Not Increase Total Plate Waste.
• Disparities persist in nutrition policies and practices in Minnesota secondary schools.
• RCT: Acknowledging Individual Responsibility while Emphasizing Social Determinants in Narratives to Promote Obesity-Reducing Public Policy.

Intergenerational Effects

• Male obesity is associated with changed spermatozoa Cox4i1 mRNA level and altered seminal vesicle fluid composition in a mouse model.
• Does exposure to hyperglycaemia in utero increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in the offspring?
• Paternal obesity in a rodent model affects placental gene expression in a sex-specific manner.

Economics & Sociology

• Low Social Capital as a Predictor for the Risk of Obesity.
• Are natural resources bad for health?
• The impact [association] of cumulative family risks on various levels of food insecurity.

Caloric Restriction

• Calorie Restriction Mimetics: Can You Have Your Cake and Eat It, Too?
• Quantitative feed restriction rather than caloric restriction modulates the immune response of growing rabbits.
• A weekly alternating diet between caloric restriction and medium fat protects the liver from fatty liver development in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice.

Commentary

• Gaps in Measuring Behaviors That Contribute to Obesity.
• Resolving the Decision Aid Paradox.
• From Wallstreet to Mt. Sinai: Dr. Data.
• "The Saturated Fat Studies: Set Up to Fail".
• Do we need a gadget to tell us when to eat a banana?
• Mayo Clinic, Gentag to develop skin sensor to treat obesity, diabetes.
• The mother of all problems.
• NPR: Can Family Secrets Make You Sick?
• Why Do People Drink Milk?
• Why Full-Fat Dairy May Be Healthier Than Low-Fat.
• Obesity is an expensive disease, especially for aging senior citizens.

Basic Science

• Low levels of lipopolysaccharide modulate mitochondrial oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle.
• Molecule from trees helps female mice only resist weight gain.
• High-fat diet decreases energy expenditure and expression of genes controlling lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and skeletal system development in the adipose tissue, along with increased expression of extracellular matrix remodelling- and inflammation-related genes.
• Do altered energy metabolism or spontaneous locomotion 'mediate' decelerated senescence?

General Science

• Lost City Discovered in the Honduran Rain Forest.
• Apple’s ResearchKit Lets iPhone Users Tap Into Medical Trials.
• NASA's Dawn Probe Achieves Orbit Around Ceres.
• Auto Racing Safety Engineer Developing Safer Football Helmets.
• Zebrafish May be Key to Beating Osteoporosis.
• Chameleon Colors: 'Switched by Crystals'.
• Despite The Spread Of Health Information Exchange, There Is Little Evidence Of Its Impact On Cost, Use, And Quality Of Care.
• Researchers Nearly Double the Size of Worker Ants.
• PLoS ONE mega-correction, but no retraction, for researcher who sued diabetes journal.
• "Secret Science": it's everywhere, and nowhere, yet it rules our lives.
• Stochastic developmental variation, an epigenetic source of phenotypic diversity with far-reaching biological consequences.
• Thousands of 16th-, 17th-century Skeletons Found at London Railroad Site.

Video

• Kenneth J. McLeod: "The Role of Heat Balance in body Mass Maintenance."
• Sarah Richardson "Messages to Women about Epigenetics and Childhood Obesity."

Announcements

• Call for Applicants: 2015 Early-Career Research Grants.
• Obesity Researcher Capt (Dr.) Jameson Voss Earns Top Air Force Medical Award.
• ASN ANNOUNCES 2015 CLASS OF FELLOWS.
• Hot Topic Conference 2015: Dietary Sugars, Obesity and Metabolic Disease Risk.
• Two UAB faculty honored by the American Society of Nutrition.
• ASN ANNOUNCES AWARD RECIPIENTS IN NUTRITION SCIENCE.
• “Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Fact, Fuzzy and Fiction” - Alice Lichtenstein, D.Sc. -- April 20, 2015.

Featured

• Mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes of obese mothers: transmission to offspring and reversal by pharmacological endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors.
• Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore reverses diabetes and steatohepatitis in rats - proof of concept that mild hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling may be a safe and effective therapy for the related epidemics of metabolic syndrome, T2D and NASH.
• Tipping the metabolic scales towards increased longevity in mammals - recent advances in identifying fundamental signalling pathways that influence metabolic health and ageing through mitochondrial perturbations.
• Age- and Sex-Specific Causal Effects of Adiposity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• Farmer’s Markets “may offer many items not optimal for good nutrition and health, and carry less-varied, less-common fresh produce in neighborhoods that already have access to stores with cheaper prices and overwhelmingly more hours of operation.”
• Primary Care Intervention on BMI, The Maine Youth Overweight Collaborative, was associated with no significant improvement in BMI z-scores, compared to control sites.
• Household food insecurity was not associated with child BMI percentile in this study.
• Nutritional manipulation in pregnancy based on diet or mixed approach do not appear to reduce the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
• Assessment of a government-subsidized supermarket in a high-need area showed "no appreciable differences in availability of healthful or unhealthful foods at home, or in children's dietary intake as a result of the supermarket."
• Higher Intake of Fruit, but Not Vegetables or Fiber, at Baseline Is Associated with Lower Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women of Normal BMI at Baseline.
• RCT: Exercise in pregnancy does not alter gestational weight gain, MCP-1 or leptin in obese women.

Variety & Choice

• Mitigating or Exacerbating Effects of Maternal-Fetal Programming of Female Mice Through the Food Choice Environment.
• RCT: Effects of meal variety on expected satiation: Evidence for a 'perceived volume' heuristic.
• RCT: Reducing variety enhances effectiveness of family-based treatment for pediatric obesity.
• Dynamics of pre- and post-choice behaviour: rats approximate optimal strategy in a discrete-trial decision task.
• Effects of inter-food interval on the variety effect in an instrumental food-seeking task. Clarifying the role of habituation.

Exercise

• Exercise-induced regulation of key factors in substrate choice and gluconeogenesis in mouse liver.
• Exercise improves quality of life in bariatric surgery candidates: Results from the Bari-Active trial.
• Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Abdominal Obesity and Glucose Tolerance in Obese Adults.

Epidemiology

• Integrated genomic and BMI analysis for type 2 diabetes risk assessment.
• Outcomes of Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery.
• Commercial Driver Medical Examinations: Prevalence of Obesity, Comorbidities, and Certification Outcomes.
• Does selection bias explain the obesity paradox among individuals with cardiovascular disease?
• Potential Overtreatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults With Tight Glycemic Control.
• Sex differences in serum leptin and its relation to markers of cardiometabolic risk in middle-aged adults: Evidence from a population-based study.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• A new method for resolving uncertainty of energy requirements in large water-breathers: the 'mega-flume' seagoing swim-tunnel respirometer.
• New actualistic data on the ecology and energetics of hominin scavenging opportunities.

Economics

• Obesity history and male employment.
• Decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in childhood obesity: Evidence from Ireland.

Drugs

• Characterization of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist lorcaserin on efficacy and safety measures in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.
• Orexigen Released Interim Data Without Approval Of Trial Leaders.
• The FDA Is Forcing Orexigen To Do A Second Safety Study Because Of Contrave Disclosures.
• Merck to Team With NGM to Develop Diabetes and Obesity Treatments.

Clinical

• RCT: Sweet/Dessert foods are more appealing to adolescents after sleep restriction.
• Adult-Acquired Hidden Penis in Obese Patients: A Critical Survey of the Literature.
• RCT: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) to Construct Weight Loss Interventions for African American Adolescents.
• Integrating Fundamental Concepts of Obesity and Eating Disorders: Implications for the Obesity Epidemic.
• RCT: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Sertraline in Patients With Depression and Poorly Controlled Diabetes: The Diabetes and Depression (DAD) Study.

Surgery

• Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Adolescents: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
• Effect of three different bariatric obesity surgery procedures on nutrient and energy digestibility using a swine experimental model.

Stigma

• Stigma and eating and weight disorders.
• Harsher Punishments for the Obese.

Psychology

• RCT: Two inhibitory control training interventions designed to improve eating behaviour and determine mechanisms of change.
• Chronic high fat feeding increases anxiety-like behaviour and reduces transcript abundance of glucocorticoid signaling genes in the hippocampus of female rats.

Policy Related

• Simply measuring the popularity of measures to reduce obesity produces an incomplete picture of public opinion.
• Looking Beyond Labeling: From Calories to Construction of New Menus and Venues for Healthier Eating.
• RCT: Evidence from RCTs did not support the introduction of dietary fat guidelines in 1977 and 1983: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Temperature

• Isolating the independent influence of body fat on thermoregulatory responses to exercise.
• Acetylsalicylic acid does not alter thermo-effector responses during mild whole-body passive heat stress in young men.

Food

• Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift.
• Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 administration decreases inflammatory cytokines in a diet induced obese mouse model.
• Prospective Evaluation of the Association of Nut/Peanut Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.
• Dietary Sodium Content, Mortality, and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults.
• Association Between Dietary Whole Grain Intake and Risk of Mortality.

Caloric Restriction

• In vitro caloric restriction induces protective genes and functional rejuvenation in senescent SAMP8 astrocytes.
• Energy restriction does not prevent insulin resistance but does prevent liver steatosis in aging rats on a Western-style diet.

Basic Science

• Emulsifiers in Food Linked to Obesity in Mice.
• Do altered energy metabolism or spontaneous locomotion 'mediate' decelerated senescence?
• Paternal obesity in a rodent model affects placental gene expression in a sex-specific manner.
• Macronutrient balance, reproductive function, and lifespan in aging mice.
• The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance.

Methods

• Misreporting in nutritional surveys: methodological implications.
• Monitoring of Infant Feeding Behavior Using a Jaw Motion Sensor.
• Look before You Leap - Can We Draw Causal Conclusions from Breastfeeding Research?
• Illumination of growth, division and secretion by metabolic labeling of the bacterial cell surface.

General Science

• In short-lived fish secrets of aging.
• Ted Talk: Ron Knight - How our microbes make us who we are.
• Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha: Well Known but Poorly Understood.
• Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Disease Susceptibility.
• Exposure to Experimental Preeclampsia in Mice Enhances the Vascular Response to Future Injury.
• Neuronal CRTC-1 Governs Systemic Mitochondrial Metabolism and Lifespan via a Catecholamine Signal.
• The Influence of Partner’s Behavior on Health Behavior Change.

Commentary

• Lubbock researcher finds link between virus, obesity.
• How Lab Rats Are Changing Our View of Obesity - New study findings may flesh out chemical influences.
• Waking Up to a PA Capitol Forum on Obesity.
• Fighting Food Deserts: Disappointing Results.
• Are Policies to Cut Sugar Intake Justified?
• Journalists Forgetting the Difference Between Mice, Men, and Women.
• David Katz: Isaac Newton's Nutrient Supplements.
• The Link Between Dietary Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: An Unresolved Question.
• Treating obesity seriously: when recommendations for lifestyle change confront biological adaptations.
• Politicians are singling out researchers with whom they disagree.

Video & Audio

• PBS: "The extra costs of extra weight for older adults".
• Why we were wrong about dietary fat guidelines.
• Institutions and Rationality in the Emergence of an Obesity Epidemic - James Woodward.

Announcements

• In the Eye of the Beholder: Critical Evaluation of Nutrition Research.
• The John K. Lattimer Lecture - Beef-Eaters: A Cultural History of Food and Identity. March 17, 2015, 6:00 PM. Speaker: Dr. Steven Shapin. The New York Academy of Medicine.
• Luke Stoeckel, UAB alum, tapped to lead NIDDK's new Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience of Obesity and Diabetes Program.
• UAB's Department of Health Behavior seeks faculty with knowledge of obesity and/or energetics.
• UAB invites you to join us at our five day short course on "The Mathematical Sciences in Obesity Research" in Birmingham, 6/22/2015 - Fri 6/26/2015.
• Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions.