Obesity and Energetics Offerings

Featured

• RCT: No short-term effects of calorie-controlled Mediterranean or fast food dietary interventions on established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk in healthy individuals.
• The research behind dietary recommendations is a lot less certain than you think.

Headline vs Study

• Headline: Constant family arguing can lead to childhood obesity.
• Study: Gender disparities among the association between cumulative family-level stress & adolescent weight status.

Contrary or Null Findings

• RCT: School-based intervention - "When we use the entire sample, no estimates are statistically significant at conventional levels."
• Obesity has no effect on [association with] outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
• Acute exercise does not decrease liver fat in men with overweight or NAFLD.
• RCT: No significant effect of an intervention of guidance to first-time mothers on 'protective' complementary feeding practices which were hypothesized to reduce childhood obesity risk on childhood anthropometry.
• Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors.
• Effects of Oral Sodium Supplementation on Indices of Thermoregulation.
• RCT: Large Doses of Vitamin D Fail to Increase 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels or to Alter Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescents.

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• Inconsistencies and inaccuracies in reporting on choice of endpoints and of statistical results in RCT of maternal diet.
• Response to ‘Inconsistencies and inaccuracies in reporting on choice of endpoints and of statistical results in RCT of maternal diet by Lewis et al.’
• Letter: Long-term Survival Following Bariatric Surgery in the VA Health System.
• Letter: The weight of the scientific evidence on BPA shows it is not a health risk.

Basic

• As the fat flies: The dynamic lipid droplets of Drosophila embryos.
• Sex-specific effects of protein and carbohydrate intake on reproduction but not lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.
• Dependence of Hippocampal Function on ERRg-Regulated Mitochondrial Metabolism.
• Antigen- and Cytokine-Driven Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Lean Mice.
• MicroRNAs provide the first evidence of genetic link between diapause and aging in vertebrates.
• Thyrotropin, insulin sensitivity negatively associated in euthyroid adolescent boys with obesity.
• Assessment of Whole-Genome Regression for Type II Diabetes.
• Autonomic imbalance may predict multiple poor metabolic outcomes.
• The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians: antibiotic resistance is a natural feature of the human microbiota.
• Microbes help produce serotonin in gut.
• Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Gender Affect the Fate of Glucose in the Human Heart.

Clinical

• Medication adherence and racial differences in diabetes in the USA: an update.
• Pain Intensity and Pain Interference in Older Adults: Role of Gender, Obesity and Inflammation.
• Candy twists viable option to glucola beverage in gestational diabetes screening.

Surgery

• Dietary and Psych Predictors of Weight Loss After Gastric Bypass.
• Comparative outcomes after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
• RCT: The REDUCE pivotal trial: a prospective, randomized controlled pivotal trial of a dual intragastric balloon for the treatment of obesity.

Drugs

• A New Drug Could Halt Weight Gain in Patients Taking These Antipsychotics.
• Past and present of antiobesity agents: Focus on monoamine modulators.
• Dapagliflozin superior to placebo for patients with type 2 diabetes, CVD.

Food & Diet

• Could nickel in foods be contributing to obesity?
• Sugar-sweetened drinks tied to lower stress .

Caloric Restriction

• Leptin intake in suckling rats restores altered T3 levels and markers of adipose tissue sympathetic drive and function caused by gestational calorie restriction.
• Caloric restriction induces heat shock response and inhibits B16F10cell tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. (pdf).
• Late-onset Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism by Modulating Pyruvate Metabolism.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• Physical Activity for People with Disabilities: How Do We Reach Those with the Greatest Need? (pdf).
• Walking Boosts Outcomes for Prostate Cancer Survivors.
• RCT: Effect of Exercise Training and Weight Loss on Microvascular Function in Coronary Artery Disease.
• Exercise Training Promotes Cardioprotection through Oxygen-Sparing Action in High Fat-Fed Mice (pdf).
• Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis in Obesity Management.
• Maximizing children's physical activity using the LET US Play principles.
• Physical Activity in Primary Stroke Prevention: Just Do It!
• RCT: Impact of physical activity on energy balance, food intake and choice in normal weight and obese children in the setting of acute social stress.
• Physical activity, BMI and blood pressure among urban poor youth in Accra, Ghana.
• Calorie Restriction and Matched Weight Loss From Exercise: Independent and Additive Effects on Glucoregulation.

Economics & Sociology

• Obesity is the New Major Cause of Cancer: Connections Between Obesity and Cancer on Facebook and Twitter.
• Do sedentary behaviors mediate associations between socio-demographic characteristics and BMI in women living in socio-economically disadvantaged neighborhoods?
• Sex, social status and physiological stress in primates: the importance of social and glucocorticoid dynamics.
• Diabetes, Race, and Functional Limitations in Older U.S. Men and Women.
• Gains in income during early childhood are associated with decreases in BMI z scores among children in the United States.

Epidemiology

• The Impact of Incarceration on Obesity: Are Prisoners with Chronic Diseases Becoming Overweight and Obese during Their Confinement?
• Screen Time is Associated with Dietary Intake in Overweight Canadian Children.
• Association between Nutritional Awareness and Diet Quality: Evidence from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) Study.
• Body weight in midlife and long-term risk of developing heart failure-a 35-year follow-up of the primary prevention study in Gothenburg, Sweden.
• Association of Obesity with Prostate Cancer Risk Between US African American and Non-Hispanic White Men.
• Associations between socio-economic status and dietary patterns in US black and white adults.
• Why Do Thin People Have Elevated All-Cause Mortality?
• Not living with both parents is associated with more health- and developmental problems in infants aged 7 to 11 months.
• BMI and Lifetime Changes in BMI and Cancer Mortality Risk.
• Who are the obese? A cluster analysis exploring subgroups of the obese.
• Exploring racial differences in the obesity gender gap.
• Relationship between Smoking and Obesity.
• Association of obesity with socioeconomic status among adults of ages 18 to 80 years in rural Northwest China.
• High prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative sample of Puerto Rican children.

Psychology

• Eye gaze tracking reveals heightened attention to food in adults with binge eating when viewing images of real-world scenes.
• Reported and Observed Controlling Feeding Practices Predict Child Eating Behavior after 12 Months.
• Assessing care providers' perceptions and beliefs about physical activity in infants and toddlers: baseline findings from the Baby NAP SACC study.
• The Self "Loathsome Gluttony" of Binge-eating Disorder.

Ethics

• Physicians urge Columbia University to cut its ties with Dr. Oz.
• Defining Commercial Speech in the Context of Food Marketing.

Stigma

• New MOOC: Behind the Scenes: Addressing weight bias and stigma in obesity.
• Weight Bias Impacts Our Perceptions of Competence.
• Weight stigma in physiotherapy practice: Patient perceptions of interactions with physiotherapists.

Policy Related

• Under consumers' scrutiny - an investigation into consumers' attitudes and concerns about nudging in the realm of health behavior.
• EEOC Backs Off in Wellness Program Regs.
• What do MPs [member of parliament] think of randomised controlled trials?

Intergenerational Effects

• Mighty Mums -an antenatal health care intervention can reduce gestational weight gain in women with obesity.
• Study finds perception of food available to mother can affect birthweight in mice.
• Change in level of physical activity during pregnancy in obese women.
• Association of Maternal Diabetes with Autism in Offspring.
• Maternal lifestyle characteristics during pregnancy, and the risk of obesity in the offspring.

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• Nutrient-Sensing Mechanisms across Evolution.
• The ecological impact of crickets as a source of dietary protein: Not a Free Lunch.
• Circannual rhythm of resting metabolic rate of a small Afrotropical bird.
• Environmental Factors and Beta2-Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism: Influence on the Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Obese Women.
• Modulation of heart rate responses to acute stressors throughout the breeding season in a colonial seabird, the king penguin.

Methods

• The ecologic validity of fructose feeding trials: Supraphysiological feeding of fructose in human trials requires careful consideration when drawing conclusions on cardiometabolic risk.
• Long Maximal Incremental Tests Accurately Assess Aerobic Fitness in Class II and III Obese Men.
• Does Measuring Body Weight Impact Subsequent Response to Eating Behavior Questions?
• The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall for Children, 2012 Version, for Youth Aged 9 to 11 Years: A Validation Study.
• The Assertion that Controlling for Baseline (Pre-Randomization) Covariates in Randomized Controlled Trials Leads to Bias Is False.

Commentary

• Breastfeeding not a cure-all front-line strategy to prevent obesity, research shows.
• Enabling nutrient security and sustainability through systems research.
• Is the FDA unKIND?
• Religion and Fat = Protestant Christianity and Weight Loss? On the Intersections of Fat Studies and Religious Studies.
• Teaching Resources for Post-Secondary Educators Who Challenge Dominant "Obesity" Discourse.
• Luminaries on "How to Stop the Obesity Epidemic?"
• What’s the Difference Physical Activity Makes?
• Reaching Beyond Bias and Presumptions.
• Kinda Healthy?
• Don’t Bother Me with Facts about Harm Reduction.
• US societies push back against NIH reproducibility guidelines.
• New Study Says Obese People Fall Into Six 'Types.' Why This Is And Isn't True.

General

• Lancet: What is medicine's 5 sigma?
• National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track.
• The unfairer sex? Academic hiring bias: against men.
• Gender inequality in science.
• NIH's NIA Advocates Partnerships with Industry in Funding Research.
• China's medical research integrity questioned.
• Genome-wide Analysis of Body Proportion Classifies Height-Associated Variants by Mechanism of Action and Implicates Genes Important for Skeletal Development.
• Neanderthal chefs may have spiced up menus with wild herbs.
• Study: Genetic Tests of Tumors Often Give False Results.
• How dogs stole our hearts.
• Genetics and the placebo effect: the placebome.
• Arctic sea ice is a little thicker this year.
• The State Of The Cancer Nation.
• Myth-Busting Website: Fitness Pudding, Where the Proof Is.
• Interview With Lab To Leash Beagle Rescue.
• Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections .
• Chimpanzee “Personhood” Case to Have Habeas Corpus Hearing in New York.

Video & Audio

• Carl (Chip) Lavie: "Untangling the "Heavy" Cardiovascular Burden of Obesity and the "Obesity Paradox."
• David Raubenheimer: "New Insight from Nutritional Ecology: Captive Insects, Wild Primates and the Causes of Human Obesity."

Announcements

• Sharpen Your Grantsmanship Skills.
• Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: Abridged for Primary Care Providers – Now available.

Featured

• RCT: No significant effect of Breakfast Intervention on BMI in Elementary School Children: A Pilot Study.
• Portion size: what we know and what we need to know.
• Second-hand eating? Maternal perception of the food environment affects reproductive investment in mice.

Headline vs Study

• Headline: Can Kimchi Be Used to Battle Obesity? New Research Says Yes.
• Study: Research actually says ‘no’. The RCT cited shows no significant effect on weight, waist, BMI, or percent body fat.

Contrary or Null Findings

• Chronic ephedrine suppressed BAT glucose disposal, suggesting that chronic ephedrine treatment decreased, rather than increased, BAT activity.
• Cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA Mixture does not Change Body Composition, Induces Insulin Resistance and Increases Serum HDL Cholesterol Level in Rats.
• In a sample of Mexican adults, sensory taste response to basic flavors is not associated with energy intake or BMI.”
• We observed no difference in mean BMI Z-score between children exposed to vitamin-D fortification in utero and non-exposed children.”

Clinical

• Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance.
• Bone health in type 1 diabetes: focus on evaluation and treatment in clinical practice.
• Preliminary validation and principal components analysis of the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) for the experience of food craving.
• Maternal fucosyltransferase 2 status affects the gut bifidobacterial communities of breastfed infants.
• RCT: Effects on anthropometry and appetite of vitamins and minerals given in lipid nutritional supplements for malnourished HIV-infected adults referred for antiretroviral therapy.
• Effects of Lifestyle Interventions That Include a Physical Activity Component in Class II and III Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Placebo Cessation in Binge Eating Disorder: Effect on Anthropometric, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Variables.
• High Prevalence of Nickel Allergy in an Overweight Female Population: A Pilot Observational Analysis.
• Predicting long-term weight loss maintenance in previously overweight women
• Treatment of overweight and obesity in children and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
• RCT: Evaluation of plant based formulation on adolescent obesity and its associated bio-markers.
• Obesity and Cancer Progression: Is There a Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism?
• Gestational weight gain in obese women by class of obesity and select maternal/newborn outcomes: A systematic review.
• Patterns of gestational weight gain related to fetal growth among women with overweight and obesity.

Surgery

• Morbid Obesity: Increased Risk of Failure After Aseptic Revision TKA.
• A Comparison of Open Surgery, Robotic-Assisted Surgery and Conventional Laparoscopic Surgery in the Treatment of Morbidly Obese Endometrial Cancer Patients.

Drugs

• Novel chewable tablet-in-tablet dosage form of Orlistat and Venlafaxine hydrochloride: development and evaluation.
• RCT: Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men.
• Miglitol protects against age-dependent weight gain in mice: A potential role of increased UCP1 content in brown adipose tissue.

Food & Diet.

• Increased meal frequency attenuates fat-free mass losses and some markers of health status with a portion-controlled weight loss diet.
• Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source to detect markers of homeostatic alterations caused by the intake of diets with an unbalanced macronutrient composition.
• Does Breastfeeding Protect Against Childhood Obesity? Moving Beyond Observational Evidence.
• Cow’s Milk Contamination of Human Milk Purchased via the Internet.
• Changes in intake of protein foods, carbohydrate amount and quality, and long-term weight change: results from 3 prospective cohort.
• Consumption of Red/processed Meat and Colorectal Carcinoma: Possible Mechanisms underlying the Significant Association.

Caloric Restriction

• Long-Term Hyperphagia and Caloric Restriction Caused by Low- or High-Density Husbandry Have Differential Effects on Zebrafish Postembryonic Development, Somatic Growth, Fat Accumulation and Reproduction.
• Overexpression of the adiponectin gene mimics the metabolic and stress resistance effects of calorie restriction, but not the anti-tumor effect.
• Caloric Restriction for Treatment of Geriatric Obesity: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?
• Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting alter hepatic lipid droplet proteome and diacylglycerol species and prevent diabetes in NZO mice.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• RCT: Effects of Resistance Training With and Without Caloric Restriction on Physical Function and Mobility in Overweight and Obese Older Adults.
• Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training Dose on Liver Fat and Visceral Adiposity.
• Acute Exercise Stress Reveals Cerebrovascular Benefits Associated With Moderate Gains in Cardiorespiratory Fitness.
• Addition of Exercise Increases Plasma Adiponectin and Release from Adipose Tissue.
• RCT: High Whey Protein-, Leucine-, and Vitamin D–enriched Supplement Preserves Muscle Mass during Intentional Weight Loss in Obese Older Adults.
• Relationship of physical activity and healthy eating with mortality and incident heart failure among community-dwelling older adults with normal BMI.
• Childbearing Latinas Physical Activity Regulation & Habits.
• Adult Active Transport in the Netherlands: An Analysis of Its Contribution to Physical Activity Requirements.

Economics & Sociology

• BMI and cognitive function: Birth cohort effects in young men.
• Time, Monetary and Other Costs of Participation in Family-Based Child Weight Management Interventions: Qualitative and Systematic Review Evidence.

Epidemiology

• A Longitudinal Cohort Study of BMI and Childhood Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and Air Pollution: The Southern California Children's Health Study.
• Integrated genomic and BMI analysis for type 2 diabetes risk assessment.
• BMI and risk of dementia in two million people over two decades: a retrospective cohort study.

Psychology

• The impact [association] of parents' categorization of their own weight and their child's weight on healthy lifestyle promoting beliefs and practices.
• The impact [association] of a lifestyle change program on the mental health of obese under-served African American women.
• Mutation Causes Mice to Behave as if They Have an Eating Disorder.
• Food labels: Using emoticons better than using colour?

Stigma

• Obesity and Obligation.
• Obesity discrimination: study reveals prejudice among employers.

Policy Related

• Childhood Obesity Prevention in Childcare Settings: the Potential of Policy and Environmental Change Interventions.
• Policies to promote healthy portion sizes for children.
• Right to Know requests FTC and FDA to stop soda companies from using the term “diet” in advertising, branding and labeling, claiming that it appears to be deceptive.
• WHO Statement on Public Disclosure of Clinical Trial Results.
• What do MPs [Members of Parliament] think of randomised controlled trials?
• Perceptions of university students regarding calories, food healthiness, and the importance of calorie information in menu labelling.

Intergenerational Effects

• Loss of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Isoforms During Murine Oocyte Growth Induces Offspring Cardiac Dysfunction.
• Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity: The Fetal and Early Childhood Years—Workshop in Brief.
• Exercise in obese female rats has beneficial effects on maternal and male and female offspring metabolism.
• Association of Maternal Diabetes with Autism in Offspring.

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• How salinity and temperature combine to affect physiological state and performance in red knots with contrasting non-breeding environments.
• GLP-1(32-36)amide Pentapeptide Increases Basal Energy Expenditure and Inhibits Weight Gain In Obese Mice.
• Linking lab activity with growth and movement in the wild: explaining pace-of-life in a trout stream.
• Being born in lean times is bad news for baboons.

Methods

• Comparison of height, weight, and BMI data from state-mandated school physical fitness testing and a districtwide surveillance project.
• Assessing White’s Classification of Pregestational Diabetes in a Contemporary Diabetic Population.
• UK funders demand strong statistics for animal studies.
• Retaining traditionally hard to reach participants: Lessons learned from three childhood obesity studies.
• Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia.

Basic

• Calcium release channel RyR2 regulates insulin release and glucose homeostasis.
• Global deletion of monoacylglycerol lipase in mice delays lipid absorption and alters energy homeostasis and diet-induced obesity.
• A Conserved Transcriptional Signature of Delayed Aging and Reduced Disease Vulnerability Is Partially Mediated by SIRT3.
• High Fat Diet Causes Depletion of Intestinal Eosinophils Associated with Intestinal Permeability.
• The Effect of Ghrelin upon the Early Immune Response in Lean and Obese Mice during Sepsis.
• A Critical Role for PKR Complexes with TRBP in Immunometabolic Regulation and eIF2α Phosphorylation in Obesity.
• FTO is necessary for the induction of leptin resistance by high-fat feeding.
• Altered Circadian Rhythm and Metabolic Gene Profile in Rats Subjected to Advanced Light Phase Shifts.
• Perinatal Overnutrition Exacerbates Adipose Tissue Inflammation Caused by High-Fat Feeding in C57BL/6J Mice.
• Genetically engineered bacteria could prevent obesity.
• Endogenous circadian system and circadian misalignment impact glucose tolerance via separate mechanisms in humans.

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• Congress members find fault with Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report. (pdf)
• Letter: is there a relationship between length of Barrett's oesophagus and BMI?

Brown Fat

• Formation and activation of thermogenic fat.
• The brown fat secretome: metabolic functions beyond thermogenesis.
• Human brown adipose tissue assessed by simple, noninvasive near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy.

Mortality

• Does selection bias explain the obesity paradox among individuals with cardiovascular disease.
• The Obesity Paradox and Survivors of Ischemic Stroke.
• Leptin, Adiposity, and Mortality: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988 to 1994.

Commentary

• Will Obesity Protect You from Alzheimer’s?
• If You Must Have A Dietary Culprit, At Least Pick The Right One.
• Exercise: the Luminous, Latent Potential of a Little Action.
• Vitamin D Research and Clinical Practice: At a Crossroads.
• The Food Babe vs The Science Babe.
• Weighing In: Toward a New Era of Obesity Reform.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acid Headlines are Smelling Fishy.
• Heresy: Does Breastfeeding Prevent Childhood Obesity?

General

• Genetics, lifestyle and longevity: Lessons from centenarians.
• What does a scientific publication represent and how do we know if it is accurate?
• Small Telescopes: Detectability and the Evaluation of Replication Results.
• Causal Inference from Descriptions of Experimental and Non-Experimental Research: Public Understanding of Correlation-Versus-Causation.
• The human prenatal sex ratio: A major surprise.
• Polio Vaccine Found "Safe And Effective" 60 Years Ago: What Would Salk Think Today?
• Universe's expansion may not be accelerating as much as thought, say scientists.

Video & Audio

• Michael P. Czech: "Adipose mechanisms in control of systemic metabolism.”
• Nova Episode featuring obesity science (starts at about 27 minutes into video).

Announcements

• Riga Diabetes & Obesity 2015.
• The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science at The New York Academy of Sciences seeks new executive director.
• UAB seeks Vice President for Equity & Diversity.

Featured

• Hypothalamic innate immune reaction in obesity.
• Effect of 1 year of alternate day fasting versus daily calorie restriction on type 2 diabetes risk.
• Obese-type Gut Microbiota Induce Neurobehavioral Changes in the Absence of Obesity.

Headline vs Study

• Headline: The MIND diet: 10 foods that fight Alzheimer’s (and 5 to avoid).
• Study: MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
• Story Review: 2 Stars - The MIND diet: 10 foods that fight Alzheimer’s (and 5 to avoid).

Contrary or Null Findings

• The hypothesis of shared genetic burdens among obesity, alcohol consumption, and addiction was not corroborated. (pdf)
• "Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away; however, the small fraction of US adults who eat an apple a day do appear to use fewer prescription medications."
• Not so giants: Mice lacking both somatostatin and cortistatin have high GH levels, but show no changes in growth rate or IGF-I levels.
• Baseline physical activity, dietary restraint, living conditions, and body dissatisfaction did not predict weight change at one year among college women.
• RCT: “This study demonstrated that incorporation of CHWs [community health workers] may help promote initial weight loss, especially among men, but not weight maintenance.”

Scientific Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• The Assertion that Controlling for Baseline (Pre-Randomization) Covariates in Randomized Controlled Trials Leads to Bias Is False.
• Authors' response to Li et al. Obes Facts 2015;8:DOI: 10.159/000381434.
• Corresponding Editorial: Quality Management in Scientific Publishing - the Importance to Critically Scrutinize Scientific Work.
• Open Letter to the Secretaries of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services on the creation of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
• Low vs High Glycemic Index Diet.
• Low vs High Glycemic Index Diet—Reply.

Intergenerational Effects

• Epigenetic Signatures of Obesity
• Enriched Environment-Induced Maternal Weight Loss Reprograms Metabolic Gene Expression in Mouse Offspring.
• Why poor nutrition in the womb leads to obesity later in life.

Clinical

• New Book: The Clinician’s Guide to the Treatment of Obesity.
• Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: nutrition services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and special health care needs.

Surgery

• Pregnancy after bariatric surgery slows down postoperative weight loss but does not affect weight results at five-year follow-up.
• RCT: Stapling Versus Hand Suture for Gastroenteric Anastomosis in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Drugs

• Identification of a novel selective agonist of PPARγ with no promotion of adipogenesis and less inhibition of osteoblastogenesis.
• Pharmacological treatment of obesity – present and future.
• Two compounds target the gut to lower blood sugar, in obese or diabetic rats.
• Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats.
• Miglitol protects against age-dependent weight gain in mice: A potential role of increased UCP1 content in brown adipose tissue [Rapid Communication].
• Liver delipidating effect of a combination of resveratrol and quercetin in rats fed an obesogenic diet.
• Review: Resveratrol and obesity: Can resveratrol relieve metabolic disturbances?

Food & Diet

• Early skeletal muscle adaptations to short-term high-fat diet in humans before changes in insulin sensitivity.
• Usual breakfast eating habits affect response to breakfast skipping in overweight women.
• Interactive effects of oligofructose and obesity predisposition on gut hormones and microbiota in diet-induced obese rats.
• UF study finds vitamin D can affect pain and movement in obese individuals with osteoarthritis.
• A Cross-Sectional Examination of Vitamin D, Obesity, and Measures of Pain and Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis.
• Promoting Health and Longevity through Diet: From Model Organisms to Humans.
• Research Finds Commercial Diets Effective for Weight Loss, Tied to Better Health.
• With diabetes, fewer meals may mean less hunger, depression.

Caloric Restriction

• UCP1 is an essential mediator of the effects of methionine restriction on energy balance but not insulin sensitivity.
• Dietary restriction in moderately obese rats improves body size and glucose handling without the renal and hepatic alterations observed with a high-protein diet.
• Late-onset Caloric Restriction Alters Skeletal Muscle Metabolism by Modulating Pyruvate Metabolism.

Exercise & Physical Activity

• Scientists "created a mechanical boot fitted with a disarmingly simple spring-loaded device that augments the force of the wearer’s calf muscles, reducing the metabolic cost of walking by about 7%."
• Influence of Prenatal Exercise on Fetal/Infant Health.
• Obesity, fitness, and brain integrity in adolescence
• Physical activity in older people
• RCT: Effects of a 16-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight/Obese Latina Breast Cancer Survivors.
• Commentary: Using physical activity to gain the most public health bang for the buck.
• Effect of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity on All-Cause Mortality in Middle-aged and Older Australians.
• Leisure Time Physical Activity and Mortality A Detailed Pooled Analysis of the Dose-Response Relationship.

Epidemiology

• Association between Neighborhood Conditions and Birthweight.
• Fat distribution and mortality: The AGES-Reykjavik study.
• Greater Skeletal Muscle Fat Infiltration Is Associated With Higher All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Men
• Association of BMI with Chromosome Damage Levels and Lung Cancer Risk among Males
• Dietary contributors to glycemic load in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
• BMI and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose. (pdf)
• A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid, weight gain, and risk of becoming overweight or obese in middle-aged and older women.
• A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Adult Obesity: Evidence from Canada

Psychology

• Perceptions of overweight in US and global cultures.
• Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and energy intake in children.
• A High-Fat Diet Could Be Altering Your Behavior and Not Just Your Waistline.
• Dietary self-control influences top-down guidance of attention to food cues.

Stigma

• Health Consequences of Weight Stigma: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment
• A cross-sectional mixed methods study of explicit weight bias in medical students during pre-clinical, clinical, and post-clinical curriculum.
• A multi-national examination of weight bias: Predictors of anti-fat attitudes across four countries.

Policy Related

• "Good government, or too much? Boise councilman unveils ‘Healthy Initiatives 2.0’"
• Discussion Paper: Nutrition-Focused Food Banking.
• Keep Food Legal Foundation Speaks Out on FDA's "Added Sugar" Labeling Proposal
• Obesity as a Socially Defined Disease: Philosophical Considerations and Implications for Policy and Care.
• OAC Urges the FDA to Protect Consumers from Unsafe Weight-loss Supplements.
• "Iowa Congressman Steve King has reintroduced the 'No Hungry Kids Act,' in the U.S. House of Representatives."

Ecology, Evolution, & Energetics

• Junk Food Is Making NYC Ants More Like Humans.
• Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate.
• Chimp Eggs Die Off Later than Humans Eggs—Even Though Humans Live Longer.
• Age-related decline in ovarian follicle stocks differ between chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans.
• Lemurs may hold secrets to living longer, but they won’t increase our lifespan.
• Striking longevity in a hibernating lemur.

Methods

• Social Relationships and Obesity: Benefits of Incorporating a Lifecourse Perspective.
• Adaptive Thermogenesis in Resistance to Obesity Therapies: Issues in Quantifying Thrifty Energy Expenditure Phenotypes in Humans.
• A Natural Experiment Opportunity in Two Low-Income Urban Food Desert Communities

Mathematical and Quantitative

• Body Fat Composition Assessment Using Analytic Morphomics Predicts Infectious Complications After Bowel Resection in Crohn's Disease.
• Mathematical modelling of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Basic

• A Conserved Transcriptional Signature of Delayed Aging and Reduced Disease Vulnerability Is Partially Mediated by SIRT3
• Sestrin2 inhibits mTORC1 through modulation of GATOR complexes.
• Maternal dietary uridine causes, and deoxyuridine prevents, neural tube closure defects in a mouse model of folate-responsive neural tube defects.
• Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) enhances HSP, PGC-1α expressions and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rats.
• Obesity-Associated Inflammatory Cytokines and Prostaglandin E2 Stimulate Glucose Transporter mRNA Expression and Glucose Uptake in Primary Human Adipose Stromal Cells.
• Uncoupling Protein 1 and Sarcolipin Are Required to Maintain Optimal Thermogenesis and Loss of Both Systems Compromises Survival of Mice Under Cold Stress.
• Nox2 Mediates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet.
• Metabolic Memory: Drosophila develop preferences for healthy foods that can be disrupted by overfeeding, a study suggests.

Video & Audio

• Radio Interview with Dr. Chip Lavie: The Obesity Paradox, Why Thinner Can Mean Sicker.
• David Ludwig: How Diet Composition May Affect Energy Storage.

Microbiome

• Sewage Reflects the Microbiomes of Human Populations.
• Progress and Challenges in Developing Metabolic Footprints from Diet in Human Gut Microbial Cometabolism.

Commentary

• Dr. Larry Cheskin: A brief timeline shows how we're gluttons for diet fads.
• Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965–2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity.
• Research Reporting: Chaff & Gaffe.
• Electric light, particularly at night, disrupts human circadian rhythmicity: is that a problem?
• Conversation With Dr. Martin Blaser On The Overuse Of Antibiotics
• Our Meat Obsession May Kill Us. But Not How You Think.
• Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals.
• More scientists doubt salt is as bad for you as the government says.

General

• Science and medicine have 'publication pollution' problem, according to medical ethicist.
• Common misconceptions about data analysis and statistics.
• Museum Exhibit: Life at the Limits: Stories of Amazing Species.
• Videos Available from NAS Conference: Drawing Causal Inference from Big Data.
• Video: Dr. Janet Turan at the National Academy of Sciences on Reducing HIV-Related Stigma in Healthcare Settings.
• Video: SciCafe: Mapping the Urban Microbiome, Genome, and Metagenome.
• Guidelines launched for online research integrity.
• Circadian Biology: The Early Bird Catches the Morning Shift
• Ageing and reproduction: antioxidant supplementation alleviates telomere loss in wild birds.
• Skeletal muscle lipid content and oxidative activity in relation to muscle fiber type in aging and metabolic syndrome
• Reporting research misconduct in the medical literature.

Announcements

• UAB Names Antoine Lavoisier Endowed Professorship of Energetics and Healthy Lifestyles.
• National Conference on Health Statistics.
• Janet Norwood Dies at 91; Led Labor Statistics Bureau
• Festival of Bad ad Hoc Hypotheses.
• Webinar: Nutrition Support for the Bariatric Surgery Patient: When and Why Nutrition Support is Needed.
• Energy Balance Experts from Six Continents Join Forces to Reduce Obesity
• Give Input on Strategies for Optimizing the Impact and Sustainability of Biomedical Research - submit by May 17.
• NIH - Clearinghouse for Training Modules to Enhance Data Reproducibility.
• Hot Topic Conference 2015: Obesity & Pregnancy.
• Obesity Management 2014: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Options for a Growing Problem - Earn CME credit for the webcast
• Please join the Institute of Medicine's Review of WIC Food Packages on June 25, 2015 for a public comment session on the WIC Food Package.
• American Diabetes Association Pathway Grant Nominations Open until July 1, 2015.
• Call for Abstracts: Translational Nutrition: Optimizing Brain Health - due May 29, 2015.

Featured

• Obesogens beyond Vertebrates: Lipid perturbation by Tributyltin in the Crustacean Daphnia magna.
• Plexin D1 determines body fat distribution by regulating the type V collagen microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• No association of maternal gestational weight gain with offspring blood pressure and hypertension at age 18 years in male sibling-pairs: A prospective register-based cohort study.
• “Intervention programs based only on counseling are effective in promoting changes in dietary patterns, but show poor results in the changes of anthropometric parameters of children and adolescents.”
• RCT: No differential effects of effects of single- and multi-screen use on energy intake.
• “Our instrumental variable analyses did not support a causal relationship between higher BMI and major depression.”

Rigor & Scholarly Dialogue

• World Health Organization recommendations are often strong based on low confidence in effect estimates.
• World Health Organization strong recommendations based on low-quality evidence (study quality) are frequent and often inconsistent with GRADE guidance.
• Maternal, Paternal, and Societal Efforts Are Needed to “Cure” Childhood Obesity.
• In reply--Maternal, paternal, and societal efforts are needed to "cure" childhood obesity.

Basic Science

• Guts of people in hunter-gatherer societies share bacteria industrialized people lack.
• Stress of endoplasmic reticulum modulates differentiation and lipogenesis of human adipocytes.
• Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo.
• Review: The Hunger Genes: Pathways to obesity.

Clinical

• Development of a theory-based, peer support intervention to promote weight loss among Latina immigrants.
• Improvements in body satisfaction among obese preadolescent African American girls after participation in a weight-loss intervention.
• Body shape index versus BMI as correlates of health risk in young healthy sedentary men.

Epidemiology

• Associations of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 with markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity in adults.
• Association of late-night carbohydrate intake with glucose tolerance among pregnant African American women.

Food

• Dietary protein: Carbohydrate balance is a critical modulator of lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster: A test using a chemically defined diet.
• RCT: Effects of choice architecture and chef-enhanced meals on the selection and consumption of healthier school foods.
• Can direct conversion of used nitrogen to new feed and protein help feed the world?

Caloric Restriction

• Long-term hyperphagia and caloric restriction caused by low- or high-density husbandry have differential effects on Zebrafish postembryonic development, somatic growth, fat accumulation and reproduction.
• Subacute calorie restriction and rapamycin discordantly alter mouse liver proteome homeostasis and reverse aging effects.
• Caloric restriction increases ketone bodies metabolism and preserves blood flow in aging brain.

Diet

• Factors influencing individual variability in high fat diet-induced weight gain in out-bread MF1 mice.
• Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965-2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity.
• Effects of dietary protein levels during rearing and dietary energy levels during lay on body composition and reproduction in broiler breeder females.

Diabetes

• Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin in women with gestational diabetes.
• Age- and gender- related differences in LDL-cholesterol management in outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
• Parental characteristics associated with outcomes in youth with Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the TODAY clinical trial.

Metabolic Syndrome

• Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K reduces adiposity and metabolic syndrome in obese mice and Rhesus monkeys.
• Treatment of equine metabolic syndrome: A clinical case series.
• Evening chronotype is associated with metabolic disorders and body composition in middle-aged adults.

Drugs

• RCT: Efficacy and safety of fasiglifam (TAK-875), a GPR40 agonist, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.
• Naltrexone extended-release plus bupropion extended-release for treatment of obesity.
• FDA expands uses of Vyvanse to treat binge-eating disorder.

Exercise

• Are active video games useful to combat obesity?
• Energy intake adaptations to acute isoenergetic active video games and exercise are similar in obese adolescents.
• RCT: Evaluation of a workplace treadmill desk Intervention.
• Effects of nordic walking and pilates exercise programs on blood glucose and lipid profile in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
• Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity.

Telemonitored Exercise

• “Fitnet, a free exercise app supported by NSF that uses the camera on your phone to automatically assess the quality of the exercise and give you a score.”
• Video: George Orwell 1984 Telescreen Exercise.

Heart Disease

• RCT: Comparing the effect of exercise training and weight loss on microvascular function in coronary artery disease.
• The maternal-age-associated risk of congenital heart disease is modifiable.

Psychology

• Eat now or later: Self-control as an overlapping cognitive mechanism of depression and obesity.
• See it, grab it, or STOP! Relationships between trait impulsivity, attentional bias for pictorial food cues and associated response inhibition following in-vivo food cue exposure.
• Social phobia and quality of life in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.

Pediatrics

• Trends in energy intakes by type of fast food restaurant among US children from 2003 to 2010.
• Evaluation of DXA vs. MRI for body composition measures in 1-months olds.
• Episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and energy intake in children.
• CD36 AA genotype is associated with decreased lipid taste perception in young obese, but not lean, children.

Surgery

• Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery.
• A review of depression and quality of life outcomes in adolescents post bariatric surgery.
• Risk of an asthma exacerbation after bariatric surgery in adults.

Methods

• “In conclusion, there is substantial under-reporting of dietary energy intake in populations across the whole range of the HDI [human development index], and this systematic reporting error increases according to the BMI of an individual.”
• Energy intake estimation from counts of chews and swallows.
• Patent: Method for determining aerobic capacity.
• Inter- and intraindividual correlations of background abundances of ²H, ¹⁸O, and ¹⁷O in human urine and implications for DLW measurements.

Economics & Sociology

• Factors affecting food choices of older adults from high and low socioeconomic groups: a discrete choice experiment.
• Price promotions on healthier compared with less healthy foods: A hierarchical regression analysis of the impact on sales and social patterning of responses to promotions in Great Britain.

Stigma

• Stigma, obesity and adolescent risk behaviors: Current research and future directions.
• Obesity, perceived weight discrimination, and psychological well-being in older adults in England.

Aging

• Overweight and obesity in midlife and brain structure and Dementia 26 years later: the AGES-Reykjavik Study.
• Caloric restriction, resveratrol and melatonin: Role of SIRT1 and implications for aging and related-diseases.

Evolution, Energetics, & Ecology

• Sci-Fly study explores how life forms know to be the right size.
• The effect of prey availability on offspring survival depends on maternal food resources.
• Food availability, energetic constraints, and reproductive development in a wild seasonally breeding songbird.

Policy Related

• Major medical conference highlights the need for better evidence for future dietary advice.
• Food policy and cognitive bias (PDF).
• Public policy & obesity: Overview and update (PDF).
• Choice, respect and value: The ethics of healthy eating policy (PDF).
• Tackling obesity—is coercion an option?
• Keep Food Legal Foundation files amicus curiae brief in landmark USDA Supreme Court case.
• Open letter to the Secretaries of the US Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Sciences on the creation of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Video & Audio

• Connect & Explore: A deeper dive into childhood obesity declines.
• Daniel Bessesen: "Dietary fat and body weight regulation."

Commentary

• Obesity as disease and deviance: Risk and morality in early 21^st century.
• Sugar Vs. Salt: Which has the greater impact on your heart health?
• The obesity gene and the (misplaced) search for a personalized approach to our weight gain problems (PDF).

General Science

• Influence of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock on cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
• Frumkin commentary says greater focus on the consequentiality of epidemiologic research is needed.
• Studies of health information exchanges yet to show strong evidence of benefits.
• National Science Foundation announces plan for comprehensive public access to research results.
• Major publisher retracts 43 scientific papers amid wider fake peer-review scandal.
• Fyn inhibition rescues established memory and synapse loss in Alzheimer mice.
• Superhealing drug travels in nanoparticles to wounds.
• Molecular cloning and tissue expression of uncoupling protein 1, 2 and 3 genes in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi).
• Brain feminization requires active repression of masculinization via DNA methylation.

Announcements

• Conference: Safeguarding the American food supply: April 10-11, 2015.
• Development of the Global Energy Balance Network.
• New Scientist Careers Guide.
• Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions on April 14-15, 2015.
• The Obesity Society's abstract submission is open for TOS Annual Meeting.
• Hot Topic Conference: Obesity and Pregnancy registration is open.
• NYC Regional Diabetes Meeting 2015.