Obesity and Energetics Offerings

Featured

• Breath carbon stable isotope ratios identify changes in energy balance and substrate utilization in humans.
• RCT: Watching television while eating increases energy intake: Examining the mechanisms in female participants.
• A point comes when activism stops being constructive and becomes counterproductive hyperactivism. With respect to obesity, we’ve reached that point.

Headline versus Study

• Headline: Tighter economic regulation needed to reverse obesity epidemic - study.
• Study: Ecological association between BMI and fast food purchases in 25 countries.

Findings Contrary to Hpotheses or Popular Beliefs

• Systematic Review: Glycemic index, glycemic load and childhood obesity – inconsistent evidence.
• RCT: no effect of low glycemic index diet on blood pressure and obesity among adolescent girls with excess weight.
• RCT: "These results show that frequent ingestion of the High Glycemic Index meals, contrary to the previous reports, suppresses appetite more than that of Low Glycemic Index meals, but did not affect energy balance in physically active normal-weight males."
• Facilities [for physical activity] and activity/obesity were not related using self-defined neighborhoods.
• No difference in weight gain among mice on High Fat Low Carbohydrate vs. Low Fat High Carbohydrate diets.
• “Contrary to expectations, urban green space seems to increase [was associated with] the likelihood of insufficient physical activity.”
• Relating Built Environment to Physical Activity: Two Failures to Validate.
• There was no relation between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and percent body fat (p=0.9296) or other outcomes.
• Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption not associated with 7-year risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese men.
• New Neighborhood Grocery Store Increased Awareness Of Food Access But Did Not Alter Dietary Habits Or Obesity.

Basic Science

• Mechanical engineer studies flow of blood vessels related to diabetes and resulting heart disease.
• LECT2 functions as a hepatokine that links obesity to skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
• RIP140 represses the brown-in-white adipocyte program including a futile cycle of triacyclglycerol breakdown and synthesis.
• Birth weight specific responses to postnatal high-fat diet-induced changes in meat quality traits and skeletal muscle proteome of pigs.
• Vitamin D concentration, obesity, and risk of diabetes: a Mendelian randomisation study.
• Amylin activates distributed CNS nuclei to control energy balance.

Timing of Food Intake

• Review: Timing of food intake and obesity
• What Hath Night to Do with Sleep? Night Eating Syndrome.

Food

• Meta-analysis: Could capsaicinoids help to support weight management?
• Meta-analysis: Comparison of Effects of Long-Term Low-Fat vs High-Fat Diets on Blood Lipid Levels in Overweight or Obese Patients
• RCT: Greater weight loss among men participating in a commercial weight loss program.
• RCT: 2 year study of palaeolithic-type diet compared with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.
• RCT: Whole-grain intake favorably affects markers of systemic inflammation in obese children.

Hemodynamic effects of food and drink

• RCT: Results show an overall negative hemodynamic profile in response to ingestion of the energy drink Red Bull, in particular an elevated blood pressure and double product and a lower cerebral blood flow velocity.
• Effect of food intake on left ventricular wall stress.
• Drinking cold water increases blood pressure in healthy young students.

Physical Activity & Exercise

• RCT: Aerobic Exercise Attenuates the Loss of Skeletal Muscle during Energy Restriction in Adults with Visceral Adiposity.
• Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Youths: A 2013 Update.
• Daily Physical Activity and Time-Space Using of Pygmy Hunter-Gatherers’ Children in Southeast Cameroon.
• RCT: Evaluating an incentive-based outdoor physical activity programme to increase outdoor time and prevent myopia in children.
• Taking physical activity to the streets: The popularity of ciclovia and open streets initiatives in the US.
• Physical Activity And Bone: May The Force Be With You.
• Physical activity and the neighborhood environment in a heavy snowfall area in Japan: The role of “Gangi-dori”.

Fetal Drive

• Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex.
• Maternal–fetal metabolic gene–gene interactions and risk of neural tube defects.

Reproductive Fitness

• Impaired sperm chromatin integrity in obese mice.
• Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows.

Ecology, Evolution & Energetics

• Theoretical and empirical perspectives on the scaling of supply and demand in social insect colonies.
• Nutritional values of tortoises relative to ungulates from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa: Implications for foraging and social behavior.
• Mate-guarding constrains feeding activity but not energetic status of wild male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
• Validation of adipose lipid content as a body condition index for polar bears.
• Socioecological Correlates of Energy Balance Using Urinary C-Peptide Measurements in Wild Female Mountain Gorillas.

Clinical

• RCT: An Intervention Based on Schachter’s Externality Theory for Overweight Children: The Regulation of Cues Pilot.
• Systematic Review: Due to the small number of high quality studies, modest evidence was found for the effectiveness of cellular phones in the delivery of weight loss interventions for people who were overweight or obese.
• Mendelian randomization association of cardiometabolic traits and BMI.
• RCT: Intensive lifestyle intervention improves glucose tolerance in obese adolescents.
• Special Series: Bariatric Surgery.

Policy Related

• Systematic Review: More research is needed to understand whether School Competitive Food and Beverage Policies affect overall consumption and weight outcomes – current results are mixed.
• The Massachusetts School-Based BMI experiment - Gleaning implementation lessons for future childhood obesity reduction efforts.

Psychology

• Changing fit and fat bias using an implicit retraining task.
• Prolonged financial stress predicts subsequent obesity: Results from a prospective study of an Australian national sample.
• Anticipation of a psychosocial stressor differentially influences ghrelin, cortisol and food intake among emotional and non-emotional eaters.

Neurology

• Influence of Sucrose Ingestion on Brainstem and Hypothalamic Intrinsic Oscillations in Lean and Obese Women.
• RCT: High intensity exercise increases neural responses to food images in reward-related regions of the brain.
• A comparison of functional brain changes associated with surgical versus behavioral weight loss.

Adipocytes

• White, brown and pink adipocytes: the extraordinary plasticity of the adipose organ.
• Distinction of white, beige and brown adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.
• Adipocyte size and cellular expression of caveolar proteins analyzed by confocal microscopy.
• Fra-2/AP-1 controls adipocyte differentiation and survival by regulating PPAR? and hypoxia.
• MicroRNAs Regulate Human Adipocyte Lipolysis: Effects of miR-145 Are Linked to TNF-a

Temperature

• Regulation of body temperature and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by bombesin receptor subtype-3.
• A new mathematical model to simulate AVA cold-induced vasodilation reaction to local cooling.

Methods

• Use of an Electronic Reporting System to Determine Adverse Event Rates, Adverse Event Costs, and the Relationship of Adverse Events with Patients’ BMI.
• Validation of respiratory inductive plethysmography (LifeShirt) in obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
• Self-reported dietary intake varies depending on calendar time.
• Shape of glucose curve can be used as a predictor for screening pre-diabetes in obese children.
• Measuring Fitness Actions and Dispositions Associated With Physical Activity: Validation of a Self-Report Instrument.
• A comparison of uniaxial and triaxial accelerometers for the assessment of physical activity in dogs.
• Interdisciplinary UAB researchers collaborate to establish new imaging method.
• Physical activity websites must be culturally relevant.

General Science

• Special Issue: Macrosystems ecology - an emerging prespective.
• First monkeys with customized mutations born.
• J&J to Share Drug Research Data in Pact With Yale.

Commentary

• Fools, Fanatics and Fat-Free Milk.
• Yet Another Good Reason to Question Observational Diet Studies.
• Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring ADHD: a lesson in the importance of testing causal pathways.
• Obese Kids Drink As Much Pop As Skinny Kids?
• Fortification Follies: Lipstick on a Pig for Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.
• Do bacteria in the guts of African hunter-gatherers hold the key to a healthier life? An American anthropologist plans to find out.
• What Women Need to Succeed in Science: Attracting females to research careers—and keeping them there.
• The Dangers of Certainty: A Lesson From Auschwitz.
• Sugar on trial: What you really need to know.

Announcements

• Webinar: Understanding and Interpreting Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research.
• Select sessions from 2014 AAAS Annual Meeting available as live video stream.

Featured

• RCT: Sleep Extension Improves Neurocognitive Functions in Chronically Sleep-Deprived Obese Individuals.
• Obesity and seatbelt use: a fatal relationship.
• Portion sizes for children are predicted by parental characteristics and the amounts parents serve themselves.

Findings Contrary to Hypothesis or Popular Ideas

• Meta-Analysis of RCTs shows no effect of school-based physical activity and nutritional education interventions on BMI.
• Obesity not associated with outcomes in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and very obese patients also had similar outcomes to obese patients.
• Body weight has no association on self-esteem of minority children living in inner city, low-income neighborhoods.
• RCT: No effects of a program designed to influence child having breakfast, drinking sweet beverages, watching television and playing outside.
• No significant association between BMI and SSB consumption was observed in any model among over 10,000 Canadian Youth.
• RCT: No significant effects of the walking intervention on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
• “Results surprisingly provide no support for important individual roles of either gut hormone [GLP-1 and PYY] in the specific mechanisms by which RYGB rats settle at a lower body weight.”
• RCT: Intervention had no significant effect on the odds of achieving prepregnancy weight at 12 mo postpartum.
• RCT: No effect of caloric restriction on salivary cortisol levels in overweight men and women.

Clinical

• RCT: A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT).
• RCT: The effects of the parent training program for obesity reduction on anthropometric measures of school-age children.
• Physical activity is an independent predictor of cognitive function in persons with heart failure.
• Increased glucose production seen with SGLT2 inhibitors.

Food

• RCT: Consuming a balanced high fat diet for 16 weeks improves body composition, inflammation and vascular function parameters in obese premenopausal women.
• Protein-enriched diet, with the use of lean red meat, combined with progressive resistance training enhances lean tissue mass and muscle strength and reduces circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women: a cluster RCT.
• Blueberry supplementation improves memory in middle-aged mice fed a high-fat diet.
• Male pups of female mice fed a high fat diet during lactation had elevated body fat and leptin.
• Study finds aesthetics in food packaging as important as brand names.

Sugar

• Sugar vs fat: Twin brothers take radical steps to show the real impact of our fad diets.
• Hypothalamic melanin concentrating hormone neurons communicate the nutrient value of sugar.

Energy Balance

• Energy gap in the aetiology of body weight gain and obesity: A challenging concept with a complex evaluation and pitfalls.
• Effects of a breakfast spread out over time on the food intake at lunch and the hormonal responses in obese men.

Exercise

• RCT: The effect of exercise intensity on endothelial function in physically inactive lean and obese adults.
• Games that are more enjoyable and engaging may produce greater intensity activity.
• Sedentary behavior changed the shape of neurons in rats.
• RCT: Impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients.

Basic Science

• Mice lacking natural killer T cells are more susceptible to metabolic alterations following high fat diet feeding.
• A new study on worms with a genetic mutation could play a role in developing personalized diets for humans.
• The differing adipocyte morphologies of deep versus superficial midfacial fat compartments: A Cadaveric Study.
• Mfge8 promotes obesity by mediating the uptake of dietary fats and serum fatty acids.
• Glutamate gets fat.

Methods

• A latent class model for obesity.
• Quantitative Assessment of Pancreatic Fat by Using Unenhanced CT: Pathologic Correlation and Clinical Implications.
• Quantitative Assessment of liver fat in an obese patient population using non-contrast CT fat percent index.
• Quantification of epicardial fat volume using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
• Automated quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Bacteria

• Helicobacter pylori infection in obesity and its clinical outcome after bariatric surgery.
• Antiobesity and cholesterol-lowering effects of bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.

Drugs

• Sitagliptin, insulin combination preserved beta-cell function in LADA.
• RCT: Changes in Weight Loss–Related Quality of Life among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with Dapagliflozin.

Policy Related

• FTC issues updated media guidance for screening fake weight loss claims.
• What happens when the definition of disability changes? The case of obesity.
• World Health Organization recommendations are often strong based on low confidence in effect estimates.
• FDA says nutrition facts label will get a makeover.
• The FDA-mandated withdrawal of 23andMe’s personal genome service.

Economics

• When Value Trumps Health in a Supersized World.
• Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Childhood Obesity: Evidence from Ireland.

Epidemiology

• Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States.
• Obesity is found to gain hold in earliest years.
• The effect of incarceration on adult male BMI trajectories, USA, 1981–2006.

Pregnancy

• Gestational weight gain and maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twin pregnancies in obese women.
• Gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies and maternal and child health: a systematic review.

Psychology

• Laugh Away the Fat? Therapeutic Humor in the Control of Stress-induced Emotional Eating.
• Two simple, brief, naturalistic activities and their impact on positive affect: feeling grateful and eating ice cream.

Temperature

• Is Your Furnace Making You Fat?
• Intermittent cold exposure increased metabolic rage, activated brown fat, and improved glucose homeostasis in mice.
• Habituation of the metabolic and ventilatory responses to cold-water immersion in humans.
• Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans.
• Inbreeding effects on standard metabolic rate investigated at cold, benign and hot temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster.
• The hidden cost of housing practices: using noninvasive imaging (thermography) to quantify the metabolic demands of chronic cold stress of laboratory mice.

Thermogenesis

• Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis.
• Dietary factors evoke thermogenesis in adipose tissues.
• Autonomic regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in health & disease: Potential clinical applications for altering BAT thermogenesis.

Driving

• Driver obesity and the risk of fatal injury during traffic collisions.
• Truck driving associated with high BMI and among truck drivers Type-2 Diabetes associated with crashes.

General Science

• Newspapers were more likely to cover observational studies than RCTs and when the media does cover observational studies, they select articles of inferior quality.
• Lack of blinded outcome assessors in randomized trials with subjective time-to-event outcomes causes high risk of observer bias.
• NIH thoughts on scientific fidelity: pre-clinical research in animals is not reproducible.
• Vitamin A deficiency can boost innate immunity in mice.
• The British amateur who debunked the mathematics of happiness.
• Volunteering and having positive views about others can buffer the effects of stress on health.
• An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments.
• Is communication a casualty of computers in the exam room?

Ecology, Evolution & Energetics

• Elephant obesity concerns in preserve planned in California for 'near-wild' herd.
• Polar bears have shifted to a diet of more land-based food in response to climate change.
• Metabolic rate and prehibernation fattening in free-living arctic ground squirrels.

Commentary

• The role of personal responsibility in health and weight control.
• You are fat, it is not your fault.
• 'Worst Headline: "I Give Up, Pass the Pie"'.
• Today's BAD science Reporting award goes to NPR for this headline and photo....on a mouse study.
• Disappointing APHA obesity story.
• Don’t drop the ball on food safety this Super Bowl!
• Labeling obesity as a disease may undermine healthy Intentions of obese individuals.

Announcements

• Fighting fat in Alabama: UAB channels resources to battle obesity (The Weight Loss Medicine Program).
• New IOM interactive website: getting 60 minutes of physical activity during the school day.
• Passing of Sir John Cornforth: Distinguished Nobel Prize winning scientist and pioneer in the field of stereochemistry.

Featured: We Can Choose Civility & Honesty or Distortion & Argumentum Ad Hominem

• Ad Hominem ad Nauseum in Obesity Dialogue.
• ‘We exaggerated obesity crisis’: pressure group.
• No, Sugar is Not the New Tobacco.
• Civility: The ability to disagree with others while respecting their sincerity and decency.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Ideas

• RCT: Pilot lifestyle intervention for obese Latino adolescents using Interactive Guided ImagerySM increases physical activity, but has no discernable effect on adiposity.
• RCT: Short-term consumption of high-protein diets does not disrupt calcium homeostasis and is not detrimental to skeletal integrity.
• Systematic Review: Only 1 out of 5 intervention studies reported a lasting statistically significant increased consumption of fruit and vegetables among overweight children.
• Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children.

Headline vs. Study

• Headline: Cash Or Credit? How Kids Pay For School Lunch Matters For Health.
• Study: A study showing association, not causation, with a dependent variable of food purchases – Health not studied.
• Headline: Spoon-feeding link to child obesity 'not proven'.
• Study: Early influences on child satiety-responsiveness: the role of weaning style.

Video

• Mark Friedman: Why getting fat makes you overeat.
• Lance Baumgard: The effects of hyperthermia on nutrient partitioning.

Policy Related

• The 2015 dietary guidelines: the RD's wish list.
• American Public Health Association Infographic: Public health takes on obesity - a route to better health.

Basic Science

• Your Brain on Insulin - From Heresy to Dogma.
• Hormone-induced mitochondrial fission is utilized by brown adipocytes as an amplification pathway for energy expenditure.
• Antiobese function of platelet-activating factor: increased adiposity in platelet-activating factor receptor-deficient mice with age.
• The internal clock and feeding rhythm set the pace of the liver.
• Bacterial Translocation - Impact on the Adipocyte Compartment.

Temperature

• Nutritional Interventions to Alleviate the Negative Consequences of Heat Stress.
• Increased brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans.

Caloric Restriction

• SIRT1 but not its increased expression is essential for lifespan extension in caloric-restricted mice.
• Effect of dietary caloric restriction on the nociceptive threshold of rats that underwent aerobic and resistance exercise training.
• Effects of acute and longer-term dietary restriction on upper gut motility, hormone, appetite, and energy-intake responses to duodenal lipid in lean and obese men.
• Metabolic and Psychological Response to 7-Day Fasting in Obese Patients with and without Metabolic Syndrome.

Economics

• Thirteen Facts About the Economics of Obesity.
• Economic development, urbanisation, technological change and overweight: what do we learn from 244 Demographic and Health Surveys?
• Financial hardship and obesity.

Breast-Feeding

• Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins — mechanisms of action.
• Cost-utility analysis of an RCT for weight loss among lactating overweight/obese women.

Pregnancy

• Unconditional or conditional change: does it matter? Growth charts for monitoring weight gain during pregnancy.
• Pregnant rats exposed to obesity hormone lose birth’s protective effect on breast cancer.

Exercise

• Recommendations for a culturally relevant internet-based tool to promote physical activity among overweight young African American women, Alabama, 2010-2011.
• Exercise in mice prevents maternal high-fat diet-induced hypermethylation of the Pgc-1a gene and age-dependent metabolic dysfunction in the offspring.
• RCT: The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Body Composition and Strength in Obese Prepubertal Children.
• Sporadic MVPA was associated with the MetS to a similar order of magnitude as an equivalent volume of bouted MVPA.

Mortality

• Obese adults have a higher rate of dying of all-cause or CVD compared to normal-weight adults.
• BMI and Risk of Death in Asian Americans.
• Changes of BMI in Relation to Mortality: Results of a Cohort of 42,099 Adults.

Culture & Psychology

• A tribe’s fattening culture and its impact on health.
• Informational Cascades, Herding Bias, and Food Taste Evaluations.
• Impact of social pressure on stereotypes about obese people.
• Childhood Advertising Exposure Can Create Biased Product Evaluations That Persist into Adulthood.

Stigma

• The ironic effects of weight stigma.
• The Stress of Stigma: Exploring the Effect of Weight Stigma on Cortisol Reactivity.
• Agency pulls ‘fat-shaming’ child obesity awareness ads.

Brown Fat

• Proteomic differences between white and brown adipocytes.
• Increased brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans.

Food

• Detecting Fat Content of Food from a Distance: Olfactory-Based Fat Discrimination in Humans.
• Life at the table.
• White Vegetables: A Forgotten Source of Nutrients: Purdue Roundtable Executive Summary.
• IOM Workshop Summary: Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety.
• Effect of fructose on postprandial triglycerides: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.
• Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity-related diseases effect of cocoa polyphenols.
• Intakes of Anthocyanins and Flavones Are Associated with Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Women.
• Serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA concentration associated with long-term lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
• A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities.

Methods

• Formula 1 Technology Tackles Obesity in Unique Healthcare Partnership.
• Validation of volumetric and single-slice MRI adipose analysis using a novel fully automated segmentation method.
• Tech Could Treat Behavior That Leads to Obesity, Eating Disorders.
• Impact of accelerometer epoch length on physical activity and sedentary behaviour outcomes for preschool-aged children.
• Comparison of Self-reported versus Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity.
• Increasing value and reducing waste in research design, conduct, and analysis.
• Measuring growth and obesity across childhood and adolescence.

Epidemiology

• Overweight occupations: Truckers top list of obese workers.
• Overweight and obese people more likely to seek and receive treatment for flu.
• Work Environment Factors Associated With Physical Activity Among White-Collar Workers.
• Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews.
• Physical Activity associated with decreases in BMI z-scores in heavier children.
• Marital Quality as a Predictor of Perceptions of Body Weight, Activity Level, and Eating Habits.
• Change in Walking and BMI Following Residential Relocation.

Energetics, Evolution, & Ecology

• Why birds fly in a V-formation.
• Primate energy expenditure and life history.
• High basal metabolic rate does not elevate oxidative stress during reproduction in laboratory mice.
• Longer lifespan tied to energy use in primates.

Drugs

• Flurbiprofen ameliorated obesity by attenuating leptin resistance induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
• Modeling and simulation of orlistat to predict weight loss and weight maintenance in obesity patients.
• Combined treatment with low-dose pioglitazone and beraprost sodium improves glucose intolerance without causing body weight gain.
• RCT: A comparative study of five centrally acting drugs on the pharmacological treatment of obesity.
• Effects of anti-obesity drugs, diet, and exercise on weight-loss maintenance after a low-calorie diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
• Influence of eating behaviors on short-term weight loss by orlistat and anorectic agent.

Clinical

• Google tests prototype of diabetes-tracking 'smart' contact lens.
• Remote control which activates insulin-loaded implant under the skin could replace injections for diabetics.
• RCT: The Use of mHealth to Deliver Tailored Messages Reduces Reported Energy and Fat Intake.
• Phosphatidylcholine and bipolar radiofrequency for treatment of localized fat deposits.
• A systematic review of controlled interventions to reduce overweight and obesity in people with schizophrenia.
• RCT: Manga Comic Influences Snack Selection on a Single in Black and Hispanic Youth.
• An ad libitum New Nordic Diet produces weight loss and blood pressure reduction in centrally obese individuals.
• RCT: Effect of a lifestyle intervention on weight change in south Asian individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes.
• RCT: The hypoglycemic effect of Juglans regia leaves aqueous extract in diabetic patients: A first human trial.

Aging

• Health related quality of life more closely associated with central obesity than bioavailable testosterone.
• Age-Related Consequences of Childhood Obesity.

Surgery

• Two lessons from a 5-year follow-up study of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Persistent, relevant weight loss and a short surgical learning curve.
• The Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Liner for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity: a Systematic Review.

General Science

• Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome.
• NIGMS on “Fostering Open Science”.
• Science's New Policy on Reproducibility.
• The Value of Direct Replication.
• Record releases must balance faculty interest, transparency.
• The Alleged Crisis and the Illusion of Exact Replication.
• Priming, Replication, and the Hardest Science.
• Prof Henry Markram visits UAB to Discuss Human Brain Project.
• Measuring Nonverbal Bias Through Body Language Responses to Stereotypes.
• The Availability of Research Data Declines Rapidly with Article Age.
• Half of taxpayer funded research will soon be available to the public.
• A Martian mystery: Where did that jelly doughnut rock come from?

Commentary

• Obesity, health at every size, and public health policy.
• Oh Sugar! Wrong about fructose.
• Sorry Dr Lustig: A calorie is still a calorie.
• Google autocomplete suggests scientists are 'stupid, liberal, liars'.
• New Truths That Only One Can See.
• Nutritional Anxieties: From the Fear of Bad Nutrients to the Scarcity of Health-Enhancing Nutrients.
• Cookie Cutter Obesity Solutions from Smoking.

Announcements

• Metabolic Origins of Disease Symposium, March 3-5, 2014, Orlando, Florida.
• Dame Nancy Rothwell named one of the UK’s top 100 Scientists for her Obesity Research.
• New Book: Regulating Obesity? Government, Society, and Questions of Health.
• 10th International Symposium on Body Composition in Cascais, Portugal from June 11 to 14th, 2014.
• Report: Sharing Clinical Research Data - Workshop Summary Released.

Featured

• Probing the Subcellular Localization of Hopanoid Lipids in Bacteria Using NanoSIMS.
• Adipose Tissue Density, a Novel Biomarker Predicting Mortality Risk in Older Adults.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Beliefs

• Study Claims Fast Food Is Not A Major Factor In Childhood Obesity.
• Six months of treatment with the endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner does not lead to decreased systemic inflammation in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
• The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist fenofibrate has no effect on insulin sensitivity compared to atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes mellitus; a randomised, double-blind controlled trial.
• Improved Meta-Analytic Methods Show No Effect of Chromium Supplements on Fasting Glucose.

Video/Audio

• TED Talk. Sandra Aamodt: Why dieting doesn't usually work.
• BBC Show on Fructose.

Thermoregulation

• Age-Related Decrements in Heat Dissipation during Physical Activity Occur as Early as the Age of 40.
• Leanness and Heightened Non-Resting Energy Expenditure: Role of Skeletal Muscle Activity Thermogenesis.

Sugar

• Sucrose, commonly used in recipes of Drosophila laboratory food, may shorten life span in flies.
• Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Aimed to Curb Obesity and Diabetes.

Stigma

• Healthism and the Law of Employment Discrimination.
• Attitudes towards obesity in the Swedish general population: The role of one's own body size, weight satisfaction, and controllability beliefs about obesity.
• Four signs we're turning the corner on weight bias.
• Attitudes of Health Care Professionals towards Female Obese Patients.

Psychology

• Judging the differences between women's attractiveness and health: Is there really a difference between judgments made by men and women?
• Avatar body dimensions and men's body image.

Policy Related

• Uses of Research Evidence in the State Legislative Process to Promote Active Environments in Minnesota.
• A Comprehensive Strategy to Overhaul FDA Authority for Misleading Food Labels.
• L.E.A.D.  A Framework for Evidence Gathering and Use for the Prevention of Obesity and Other Complex Public Health Problems.
• The Economics of Obesity.
• FDA Initiates New Online Reporting Method for Dietary Supplement Adverse Events to Facilitate Reporting.
• Limitations of Observational Evidence: Implications for Evidence-Based Dietary Recommendations.
• Sociodemographic Differences in Fast Food Price Sensitivity.

Methods

• Noninvasive identification and assessment of functional brown adipose tissue in rodents using hyperpolarized (13)C imaging.
• Noninvasive monitoring of lung recruitment maneuvers in morbidly obese patients: the role of pulse oximetry and volumetric capnography.
• Fetal weight estimation in gestational diabetic pregnancies: comparison between conventional and three-dimensional fractional thigh volume methods using gestation-adjusted projection.
• Respiratory rate assessments using a dual-accelerometer device.
• Environmental exposure and mitochondrial epigenetics: study design and analytical challenges.
• Missing data in a multi-item instrument were best handled by multiple imputation at the item score level.

Food

• Current evidence linking polyunsaturated fatty acids with cancer risk and progression.
• RCT: Increased Dairy Consumption Differentially Improves Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Male and Female Adults.
• Restaurant Meals Have a Day's Worth of Calories, Salt, and Saturated Fat.
• Fast Food Consumption and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome After 3-Years of Follow-Up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Exercise

• 7 Papers in Debate–Physical activity and obesity risk.
• A single bout of resistance exercise does not modify cardiovascular responses during daily activities in patients with peripheral artery disease.
• Effects of exercise of different intensity on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite in young males.

Epidemiology

• A positive association between T. gondii seropositivity and obesity.
• Is obesity a risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection?
• Obesity and Hepatitis B Infection and Risk of Primary CNS Lymphoma.
• Once changing at the same rate, obesity has begun to decline among higher SES youth but continued to rise among low SES youth since 2002.
• Dairy Foods and Dairy Protein Consumption Is Inversely Related to Markers of Adiposity in Obese Men and Women.
• BMI and Mortality among Adults with Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Energetics, Evolution & Ecology

• No Evidence of Metabolic Depression in Western Alaskan Juvenile Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus).
• Interference from adults forces young red knots to forage for longer and in dangerous places.
• Adiposity and Fat Metabolism in Lactating and Fasting Northern Elephant Seals.

Commentary

• David Katz: Judging the Judging of Diets.
• There’s nothing left to eat—here’s how to navigate our collective food anxiety.
• The Anti-Science Behavior of GMO Proponents.
• Consensus statement understanding health and malnutrition through a systems approach: the ENOUGH program for early life.
• Can Heavier People Really Be Healthier?

Clinical

• Impact of a very low-energy diet on the fecal microbiota of obese individuals.
• Comparison of Effects of Long-Term Low-Fat vs. High-Fat Diets on Blood Lipid Levels in Overweight or Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: The look AHEAD study.

Basic Science

• Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Is Required for the Calorie Restriction–Mediated Improvements in Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Metabolic Adaptation.
• High Fat Diet and In Utero Exposure to Maternal Obesity Disrupts Circadian Rhythm and Leads to Metabolic Programming of Liver in Rat Offspring.
• The Many Faces of Sirtuins: Coupling of NAD metabolism, sirtuins and lifespan.

Aging

• The Evolution of Research on Ageing and Nutrition.
• Age-Related and Depot-Specific Changes in White Adipose Tissue of Growth Hormone Receptor-Null Mice.
• Metabolic Alterations Due to Caloric Restriction and Every Other Day Feeding in Normal and Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mice.
• Obesity and Life Expectancy Among Long-Lived Black Adults.

General Science

• Gender equality should be part of basic science training.
• Paper and commentaries on “An estimate of the science-wise false discovery rate and application to the top medical literature.”
• Promoting Transparency in Social Science Research.
• Open Science and Reporting Animal Studies: Who's Accountable?
• Why Standard Deviation Should Be Retired From Scientific Use.
• Funding trends in 2013.
• Research: increasing value, reducing waste.

Announcements

• Assistant Professor in Obesity Prevention at University of Connecticut.